Boophone
| Boophone | |
|---|---|
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| Inflorescence of Boophone disticha | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Genus: | Boophone Herb.[1] |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
Boophone is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[2]) It consists of two species distributed in tropical and southern Africa. It is closely related to Crossyne, a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.[3]
Taxonomy
Boophone is the single genus in subtribe Boophoninae, in the Amaryllideae tribe.
Phylogeny
Boophoninaeare placed within Amaryllideae as follow:
These are phylogenetically related as follows:
| Tribe Amaryllideae |
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Subdivision
The list of Boophone species, with their complete scientific name, authority, and geographic distribution is given below.[4]
- Boophone disticha (L.f.) [5] Distributed from Sudan to South Africa.
- Boophone haemanthoides Leight. [6] Distributed from Namibia to the Western Cape Province.
Etymology
William Herbert wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001[7] to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.[8]
Associated insects
Larvae of the moth genera Brithys and Diaphone use Boophone as a food plant.
Traditional medicine
Boophone disticha is used in South African traditional medicine by the Zulus to induce hallucinations for divinatory purposes, and also for various mental illnesses.[9] Its use, however, is limited by injuries that result from the plant's toxicity.[10]
Chemistry
A variety of alkaloids with affinity for the serotonin transporter have been isolated from Boophone alkaloids.[11][12]
References
- ↑ Appendix: 18 (1821).
- ↑ Stevens, P.F. "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae"
- ↑ Vigneron, P. (2000–2006). "Boophone". Amaryllidaceae organization.
- ↑ Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. World Checklist of Monocotyledons: Boophone . Accessed May 16, 2009.
- ↑ Herb. Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825)
- ↑ Leighton, Frances Margaret. Journal of South African Botany 13: 59. 1947.
- ↑ R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman (2001). "Proposal to conserve the name Boophone Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae)". Taxon 50 (2): 569–572. doi:10.2307/1223904.
- ↑ Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.
- ↑ Stafford GI, Pedersen ME, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2008). "Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases". J Ethnopharmacol 119 (3): 513–37. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.010. PMID 18775771.
- ↑ J.F. Sobiecki (2002). "A preliminary inventory of plants used for psychoactive purposes in southern African healing traditions". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 57: 1–24. doi:10.1080/00359190209520523.
- ↑ Sandager M, Nielsen ND, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2005). "Alkaloids from Boophane disticha with affinity to the serotonin transporter in rat brain". J Ethnopharmacol 98 (3): 367–70. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.037. PMID 15814274.
- ↑ Neergaard J, Andersen J, Pedersen ME, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2009). "Alkaloids from Boophone disticha with affinity to the serotonin transporter". S Afr J Botany 72 (2): 371–4. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.173.
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