Booya (ship)
 Booya as Argosy Lemal c. 1940. | |
| History | |
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| Builder: | Gebroeders van Diepen, Waterhuizen, Netherlands |
| Launched: | 1917 |
| Identification: | |
| Fate: | Sank 24 December 1974 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage: | 254 GRT (Argosy Lemal)[2] |
| Length: | 117 ft 5 in (35.79 m)[2] |
| Beam: | 24 ft 5 in (7.44 m)[2] |
| Draught: | 10 ft 4 in (3.15 m)[2] |
| Propulsion: | Sails, 1 × 2SCSA oil engine, 79 hp (59 kW) (Argosy Lemal)[2] |
| Sail plan: | Schooner |
Booya was a three-masted schooner with a steel hull built in the Netherlands in 1917. She was originally named De Lauwers. The schooner was renamed Argosy Lemal in 1920 and carried that name until 1949. As Argosy Lemal the ship served as one of the early United States Army communications ships from 1942–1949. In 1949, on return to civilian use, the vessel was renamed Ametco, Clair Crouch and finally Booya in 1964. Booya was last seen anchored off Fort Hill wharf in Darwin Harbour at about 8.00pm on 24 December 1974, the evening Cyclone Tracy hit Darwin. Nearly twenty-nine years later, in October 2003, she was discovered by chance in Darwin Harbour, lying on her starboard side in about 20 metres of water.[3][4][5]
History
Booya was built in Waterhuizen, the Netherlands in 1917 by Gebroeders van Diepen, under her original name, De Lauwers.[6] She was a three-masted auxiliary schooner with a steel hull and a 130 bhp engine.[3][7] At the time of her loss, she was 35.8 metres long and had a gross register tonnage of 262 tons.[8]
In 1920, she became known as the Argosy Lemal after she was purchased and registered by the Argosy Shipping and Coal Company in Newcastle-on-Tyne in England.[6] In 1923, she was brought to Australia and was purchased by Yorke Shipping Pty Ltd and subsequently played an active role in coastal shipping working numerous ports including Port Adelaide and Hobart.[8] That company later became a subsidiary of the Adelaide Steamship Company.
In November 1942, the Argosy Lemal was requisitioned by the Commonwealth Government and she played an important role in the US Army Small Ships Section, functioning as a radio communication vessel in the Arafura and Timor Seas during World War II.[9][10] The crew of 12 was made up of Australians, Americans, Norwegians, Scandinavians, Scots and British personnel.[11] After the war, she was purchased by the Middle East Trading Company in 1949 and renamed Ametco (acronym for Australian Middle East Trading Co). The Ametco sank at Low Wooded Island off the Queensland coast, but was salvaged in poor condition, and taken to Melbourne for repairs. She was purchased in 1952 by shipping company MB Crouch & Co Limited, who renamed her Clair Crouch, after the owner's daughter.[6] The Clair Crouch traded around the Australian coast until 1958 when she was converted to carry sulphuric acid between Port Pirie and Port Lincoln in South Australia.
In 1964, she was sold to the Mornington Island Fishing Company and renamed Booya.[6] She was used as a mother ship and fuel supply vessel for the Northern prawn fleets, but became laid up in 1965/66 until she was sold again in 1968 (some sources say 1971) to the Denham Island Transport Company, trading cargo mainly between Dili and Darwin.[8]
On the evening of 24 December 1974, Booya was moored near Fort Hill wharf with four crew and one guest on board.[4] As Cyclone Tracy approached Darwin, she – and all other vessels – were ordered off the wharves and instructed to find safe anchorage.[12] Booya was last seen at about 8.00pm leaving Fort Hill wharf.[7][13] For the next 29 years she remained missing, presumed sunk with the loss of all lives in the huge seas whipped up by Cyclone Tracy's 300 km/h winds.[4]
U.S. Army WWII service
As operations against the enemy began in the island and ocean areas northward from Australia in 1942, amphibious communications became necessary, the SWPA chief signal officer, General Spencer B. Akin, created a small fleet that served as relay ships from forward areas to headquarters, however their function and number soon expanded, when they took aboard the forward command post communications facilities as the Army's CP fleet. The small communications ships, part of the U.S. Army's Small Ships Section of Australian acquired vessels known officially as the "catboat flotilla,"[14] proved so useful in amphibious actions that Army elements in SWPA operations continually competed to obtain their services. The first Australian vessels acquired by General Akin to be converted during the first half of 1943 by Australian firms into communications ships[15] were the Harold (S-58, CS-3), an auxiliary ketch, and the Argosy Lemal (S-6), an auxiliary schooner.[Note 1] From Milne Bay, the vessels then, served at Port Moresby, at Woodlark, and in the Lae-Salamaua area through mid-1943.[16]
A graphic account of some of the vicissitudes of the Argosy Lemal and its mixed crew came from S/Sgt. Arthur B. Dunning, Headquarters Company, 60th Signal Battalion. He and six other enlisted men of that unit were ordered aboard her on 9 September 1943, at Oro Bay, New Guinea, to handle Army radio traffic. The commander of the ship reported to naval authorities, not to General Akin. After six months' service along the New Guinea coast, the skipper was removed for incompetence. His replacement was no better. Among other things, he obeyed to the letter Navy's order forbidding the use of unshielded radio receivers at sea. Since the Signal Corps receivers aboard the ship were unshielded and thus liable to radiate sufficiently to alert nearby enemy listeners, the men were forbidden to switch them on in order to hear orders from Army headquarters ashore. As a consequence, during a trip in the spring of 1944 from Milne Bay to Cairns, Australia (on naval orders), the crew failed to hear frantic Signal Corps radio messages to the Argosy Lemal ordering her to return at once to Milne Bay to make ready for a forthcoming Army operation. On the way to Australia the skipper, after a series of mishaps attributable to bad navigation, grounded the Argosy hard on a reef. Most of the crew already desperately ill of tropical diseases, now had additional worries. The radio antennas were swept away along with the ship's rigging, and help could not be requested until the Signal Corps men strung up a makeshift antenna. Weak with fevers and in a ship on the verge of foundering, they pumped away at the water rising in the hold and wondered why rescue was delayed till they learned that the position of the ship that the skipper had given them to broadcast was ninety miles off their true position. As they threw excess cargo overboard, "some of the guys," recorded Dunning, "were all for jettisoning our skipper for getting us into all of this mess." Much later, too late for the need the Signal Corps had for the ship, the Argosy Lemal was rescued and towed to Port Moresby for repairs to the vessel and medical attention to the crew, many of whom were by then, according to Dunning, "psycho-neurotic." Besides Dunning, a radio operator, there were T/4 Jack Stanton, also a radio operator; T/Sgt. Harold Wooten, the senior non-commissioned officer; T/4 Finch and T/5 Burtness, maintenance men; and T/5 Ingram and Pfc. Devlin, code and message center clerks. Dunning described the Argosy as a 3-mast sailing vessel with a 110-horsepower auxiliary diesel engine. "She was the sixth vessel," he wrote, "to be taken over by the Small Ships Section of the U.S. Army, her primary purpose was handling [radio] traffic between forward areas and the main USASOS headquarters."[16]
Discovery
On 22 October 2003, divers discovered the wreck by chance in Darwin Harbour, lying on her starboard side in about 20 metres of water, five nautical miles (9 km) from shore.[3][4][5] Her exact location was given as 12°23.381′S 130°46.281′E / 12.389683°S 130.771350°E. The discovery and subsequent identification of the Booya led to a coronial inquiry.[6][17] The Northern Territory Government signed an instrument re-declaring the wreck site subject to an Interim Conservation Order, under the Heritage Conservation Act ensuring an exclusion zone over the wreck.[13][18] In 2005, Booya and the surrounding area was declared a heritage site.[6][19] Despite a thorough search of the Booya by police divers, no human remains were found; however some personal effects, able to be identified by relatives of the deceased persons, were retrieved.[20] The Coroner's Court concluded that the vessel sank due to strong winds and high seas created by Cyclone Tracy and that the crew perished at sea late on 24 or early on 25 December 1974.[20]
Official number and code letters
Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.
Argosy Lemal had the UK Official Number 144888[2] and used the Code Letters KGHS from 1930[1] and VJDF from 1933.[2]
See also
- US Army Small Ships Section United States Army Services Of Supply (USASOS) In Australian Waters During WW II
- HMAS Arrow (P 88)
Notes
References
- 1 2 "LLOYDS REGISTER, SAILING VESSELS" (PDF). Plimsollshipdata. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "LLOYDS REGISTER, STEAMERS AND MOTORSHIPS UNDER 300 TONS" (PDF). Plimsollshipdata. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- 1 2 3 Wreck of the Booya (2005). Department of Natural Resources, Environment and The Arts. Retrieved on 8 June 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 Murdoch, Lindsay (2004). Family search for answers – 30 years on. The Age. Retrieved on 9 June 2009.
- 1 2 Wreath laying ceremony over Booya site. (2007). NT Government Media Release. Retrieved on 9 June 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reynolds, Steve (2008). Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc: The Schooner BOOYA. Retrieved on 9 June 2009.
- 1 2 Reynolds, Steve (2005). Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc: Cyclone Tracy Shipwrecks. Newsletter April 2005. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.
- 1 2 3 Booya 1917 to 1974 (2009). Department of Natural Resources, Environment and The Arts. Retrieved on 8 June 2009.
- ↑ AWM Collection Record: 302944 (2008). Australian Auxiliary Schooner Argosy Lemal. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.
- ↑ Diving near Booya wreck a possibility (2007). Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 17 June 2009.
- ↑ Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2007, p. 8). Historic photos of life aboard the Booya. Retrieved on 9 June 2009.
- ↑ Cyclone Tracy and the Schooner Booya (2006). Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology. Newsletter: Volume 25, Number 23. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.
- 1 2 Divers continue Booya search (2003). NT Police Fire & Emergency Services: Media Release. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.
- ↑ Bykofsky, Joseph Raynor; Larson, Harold (1990). United States Army in World War II-The Technical Services-The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas. Center of Military History, United States Army. p. 452. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Masterson, Dr. James R. (1949). U. S. Army Transportation in the Southwest Pacific Area 1941–1947 (PDF). Washington: Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army. pp. 570–571. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- 1 2 Thompson, George Raynor; Harris, Dixie R. (1991). United States Army in World War II-The Technical Services-The Signal Corps: The Outcome (Mid-1943 Through 1945). Center of Military History, United States Army. pp. 262, 259–265, 275–288. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Inquest to be considered for Booya wreckage (2004). ABC News. Retrieved on 17 June 2009.
- ↑ Protection of "Booya" wreck site extended (2004). NT Government: Media Release. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.
- ↑ Interim Management Plan for the Wreck of the Booya. (2007). Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts. Retrieved on 11 June 2009.
- 1 2 Cavenagh, Greg (2005) Inquest into the Deaths of Raymond Curtain et al. Coroner's Court of Darwin. Retrieved on 11 June 2009.
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