Boriwen
Boriwen (Thai: บริเวณ) were subdivisions of three of the larger Thai monthon. Several mueang were grouped together into one boriwen. In 1908 the boriwen were renamed to changwat,[1] which became the name of provinces countrywide in 1916.[2]
The monthon with between three to five boriwen were Phayap, Udon Thani and Isan. Each boriwen was administrated by a commissioner (khaluang boriwen, ข้าหลวงบริเวณ). The administrative headquarters of the boriwen were located in the provincial town listed first:
- Monthon Phayap
- Boriwen Northern Chiangmai: Chiang Rai, Chiang Saen, Papao, Nongkhwang, and Fang
- Boriwen Western Chiangmai: Mae Hong Son, Yuam, Khun Yuam, and Pai
- Boriwen Northern Nan: Chiangkhong, Thoeng, Chiangkham, Chianglaeng, Chianglom, Chianghon (Khop and Kutsawadi were seceded to France in 1904)
- Monthon Udon Thani
- Boriwen Makkhaeng: Ban Makkhaeng (Udonthani), Nongkhai, Nonglahan, Kumphawapi, Kamutthasai, Phonphisai, and Rattanawapi
- Boriwen Phachi: Khonkaen, Chonnabot, and Phuwiang
- Boriwen That Phanom: Nakhon Phanom, Chaiburi, Tha Uthen and Mukdahan
- Boriwen Sakon: Sakon Nakhon
- Boriwen Nam Huang: Loei, Kaen Thao, Bo Tha
- Monthon Isan
- Boriwen Ubon: Ubon Ratchathani, Khemmarat, Yasothon
- Boriwen Champassak (Bassac): Champassak (Bassac)
- Boriwen Khukhan: Khukhan, Sisaket, and Det-udom
- Boriwen Surin: Surin, and Sangkha
- Boriwen Roi-et: Roi Et, Mahasarakham, Kalasin, Kammalasai, Suwannaphum
See also
References
- Tej Bunnag (1977). The provincial administration of Siam, 1892-1915: the Ministry of the Interior under Prince Damrong Rajanubhab. Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-580343-4.
- ↑ à¹à¸ˆà¹‰à¸‡à¸„วามà¸à¸£à¸°à¸—รวงมหาดไทย เรื่à¸à¸‡ เปลี่ยนชื่à¸à¸•à¸³à¹à¸«à¸™à¹ˆà¸‡à¸—้à¸à¸‡à¸—ี่à¹à¸¥à¸°à¸šà¸£à¸´à¹€à¸§à¸“ให้เหมืà¸à¸™à¸à¸±à¸™ คืภมณฑลพายัพนายà¹à¸‚วงให้เรียà¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸™à¸²à¸¢à¸à¸³à¹€à¸ ภà¹à¸¥à¸°à¹à¸‚วงให้เรียà¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸à¸³à¹€à¸ ภนายà¹à¸„ว้นให้เรียà¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸à¸³à¸™à¸±à¸™à¹à¸„ว้นให้เรียà¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸•à¸³à¸šà¸¥ à¹à¸à¹ˆà¸šà¹‰à¸²à¸™à¹ƒà¸«à¹‰à¹€à¸£à¸µà¸¢à¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸œà¸¹à¹‰à¹ƒà¸«à¸à¹ˆà¸šà¹‰à¸²à¸™ บริเวณให้เรียà¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸ˆà¸±à¸‡à¸«à¸§à¸±à¸” (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai) 24 (43): 1156. 1908-01-26.
- ↑ ประà¸à¸²à¸¨à¸à¸£à¸°à¸—รวงมหาดไทย เรื่à¸à¸‡ ทรงพระà¸à¸£à¸¸à¸“าโปรดเà¸à¸¥à¹‰à¸² ฯ ให้เปลี่ยนคำว่าเมืà¸à¸‡à¹€à¸£à¸µà¸¢à¸à¸§à¹ˆà¸²à¸ˆà¸±à¸‡à¸«à¸§à¸±à¸” (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai) 33 (0 à¸): 51–53. 1916-05-28.
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