Boswellia frereana
| Boswellia frereana | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Burseraceae |
| Genus: | Boswellia |
| Species: | B. frereana |
| Binomial name | |
| Boswellia frereana Birdw. | |
Boswellia frereana is a species of plant native to northern Somalia [1][2][3][4][5] where the locals call it "Dhidin" or "Maydi" (other spellings include: Meydi, Meyti, Maidi, Maieti, and Mayeti) or the king of all frankincense. It is also known as the Yigaar (or Yegaar) tree [4] and by the common name for all frankincense, Luban.[6] Other than its aromatic uses, the locals also use it for medicinal purposes; they make it into a paste called "malmal" and apply it on the joints to treat inflammation and arthritis.[7] It is reported to be cultivated in Yemen,[8] but this could be based on an 1870 record by Dr. G. Birdwood citing that B. frereana was seen in Sir Robert Playfair's garden in Aden (Yemen). Playfair had brought B. frereana from Somalia and cultivated it in his garden in Aden. Although rumored to also grow in Oman, scientific and botanical evidence does not confirm that B. frereana either grows or is cultivated there.[1][2][4][5][7][9][10] B. frereana resin, however, is very rarely found in Omani markets in the larger cities as a less expensive and more palatable chewing resin compared to the native Omani frankincense, B. sacra, which is known more for its medicinal and aromatic properties.
In the West B. frereana is called "Coptic Frankincense" as this is the type and grade used by the Coptic Church of Egypt. That name, which is the one now usually used in the West, was invented by Pete Travis (aka Pete Green), the owner and director of the incense trading company known as "Pan's Pantry" as a simple and accurate way of describing the resin. 80% of B. frereana production is sold to Saudi Arabia where it is traditionally brought home by Muslim pilgrims. The remaining 20% is sold all around the world.
References
- 1 2 Hepper, F. N. 1969. Arabian and African Frankincense Trees. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 55:67.
- 1 2 Thulin, M. and A.M. Warfa. 1987. The frankincense trees (Boswellia spp., Burceraceae) of northern Somalia and southern Arabia. Kew Bull. 42:487-300.
- ↑ Thulin, M.,ed. "Flora of Somalia." Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew January 15, 1993.
- 1 2 3 Tucker, A.O. 1986. Frankincense and Myrrh. Economic Botany. 40(4):425-433.
- 1 2 http://plants.jstor.org/flora/flos000549.
- ↑ http://www.medindia.net/news/West-Learns-Utility-Of-Frankincense-From-Somalis-86757-1.htm#.
- 1 2 Birdwood, G.C.M. 1870. Dr. G. Birdwood on the Genus Boswellia. Trans. Linn. Society London 27:143-148.
- ↑ "Taxon boswellia frereana".
- ↑ Miller, A.G. and M. Morris. 1988. Plants of Dhofar. Government of Oman. ISBN 0-7157-0808-2.
- ↑ Hunter, F.M. 1877. An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia by Captain F.M. Hunter, London, p. 113.