Boxing glove

For the 1929 Our Gang short, see Boxing Gloves (film).
Photograph of a pair of black velcro sparring gloves, with Kombat Gear brand logos.
A pair of velcro sparring gloves

Boxing gloves are cushioned gloves that fighters wear on their hands during boxing matches and practices. Unlike the ancient cestus which were designed as a weapon,[1] modern boxing gloves are designed to protect the fighter's hand during a bout, though competitions, sparring and other forms of training have their own specialized gloves. Modern boxing gloves reduce superficial facial injuries; however, as modern boxing gloves give their user the ability to throw stronger punches to head without damaging the hands, they also increase the risk of brain damage for participants.[2]

History

The earliest evidence of boxing gloves: A painting of Minoan youths boxing, from an Akrotiri fresco circa BCE 1500.

The use of hand protection in fighting contests undertaken for sport has been known since Ancient Greece. However, the gloves were very different from those of modern boxing, as was the sport itself.[3] In Ancient Greece, it was common practice to tie strips of rawhide round the hands for protection. In Roman times, this developed into the gladiatorial cestus, with metal added to the gloves to inflict greater damage.[4] The brutality of the sport caused the boxing to be banned in 393 AD.[1]

Boxing experienced a revival in Britain around the 17th century. Many bouts were fought with bare knuckles and with no standard rules until Jack Broughton introduced boxing rules known as Broughton's Law in the 18th century, where the gloves were used for practice purposes only.[1][5] However, many boxers still chose to fight with bare knuckles until 1867 when gloves were mandated by the Marquess of Queensberry Rules.[6]

Modern boxing gloves started showing up towards end of the 1990s. Over ten years of engineering and testing by some of the biggest boxing manufacturers and sport names have helped create safe, durable and long lasting equipment.[7] Modern boxing gloves include mesh palm, velcro, leather-based stitching, suspension cushioning and new padding for the boxer.[8] The International Boxing Association (amateur) approves new designs of gloves according to rules around weight and the amount of leather, padding and support allowed.[9]

Features

Boxing gloves usually come with either lace-ups or velcro. In velcro gloves, the velcro acts as a second handwrap that adds more stability to the wrist.[10] Lace-up gloves provide a more snug and secure fit, but unlike velcro gloves, require assistance from another person to lace, and are usually wrapped with tape before the match.[11] Lace-up gloves can be converted to velcro gloves using a hook and loop converter.[12]

Three types of padding commonly used in boxing gloves are horsehair padding, foam padding or a mix of both.[13] Foam padding gloves use latex and PVC foam with shock absorber. Horsehair gloves last longer than foam padding gloves and are environmentally friendly, but are less protective.[14]

In amateur boxing matches, glove color is restricted to red or blue, often with a white "scoring area" at the knuckles to help judges see and record points from a proper punch.[15]

Boxing gloves are worn over hand wraps, which help stabilize the fist area against injuries such as the eponymous boxer's fracture of the fifth metacarpal.[16] The hand wrap is usually made from cotton and is available in either 120 inches (3,000 mm) or 170 inches (4,300 mm).[17]

Types of glove

Type Images Description Available size
Bag gloves A cushioned glove to protect the athlete's hands against heavy strikes on punching bags; these are the gloves most recommended by trainers for all boxing training, especially for non-sparrers.[17] 8 oz
10 oz
12 oz[18]
14 oz
16 oz[19]
Sparring gloves Gloves designed to protect both athletes during practice bouts.[20] 4 oz[21]
6 oz
10 oz[22]
12 oz[18]
14 oz
16 oz
18 oz
20 oz[20][23]
Competition gloves Gloves designed to protect both athletes during competitions, built according to official regulations. Generally less padded than other glove types.[20] 8 oz
10 oz[19]

Safety

Boxing gloves are mandatory in professional and amateur boxing.

The impact of gloves on the injuries caused during a fight is a controversial issue. Hitting to the head was less common in the bare-knuckle era because of the risk of hurting the boxer's hand. Gloves reduce the amount of cuts caused, but British Medical Association research has stated that gloves do not reduce brain injuries and may even increase them, because the main cause of injury is acceleration and deceleration of the head, and fighters wearing gloves are able to punch harder to the head. Gloves may reduce the amount of eye injuries, especially if they are thumbless, but retinal tears and detached retinas still occur to boxers wearing modern gloves.[2][24]

One non-peer-reviewed study has estimated the risk of death from bare-knuckle boxing at 14,000 deaths per million participants. This is 184 times more deaths per million participants than for modern professional boxing, which has 76 deaths per million participants (according to the same study). It should be noted that data for the number of fights and deaths from the bare-knuckle era is incomplete, and also that there were many differences in rules and medical care. Bare-knuckle boxing matches were usually fought until one fighter could not continue, with bouts sometimes lasting hours, and a few fighters dying after they were carried to their mark to restart the fight when they would otherwise have been unable to continue. (The London Prize Ring Rules later specifically stated that a fighter must "walk to his own side of the scratch unaided" (emphasis added) or lose the fight.) Bare-knuckle rules also allowed grappling and throws, and some deaths were caused by a fighter hitting his head on a stone or rail.[25]

Illegal modification of boxing gloves

On 16 June 1983 at Madison Square Garden, New York City, Luis Resto unexpectedly beat the previously undefeated Billy Collins by knockout. An investigation found Resto's gloves had been illegally modified, with padding removed by his trainer, Panama Lewis. As sport journalist Oliver Irish summarized, "Lewis served two years of a six-year prison sentence for assault, conspiracy, tampering with a sports contest and criminal possession of a deadly weapon (Resto's fists)".[7]

Influence of boxing gloves in other fight sports

Open-fingered and open palm MMA gloves or 'grappling gloves', which are frequently used in mixed martial arts bouts, are not boxing gloves.[26] Similar to the wrist-supporting, closed-thumb, broken-knuckle kempo gloves popularized by Bruce Lee's 1973 movie Enter the Dragon, they provide some padding to the person wearing the glove, but leave the fingers and the palm area open and available for intricate wrestling and grappling maneuvers such as clinch fighting, which are illegal in the sport of modern boxing.[27]

Uses of boxing gloves outside boxing

Ushio Shinohara is a Japanese Neo-Dadaist artist who uses boxing gloves to make canvas painting in front of audiences. The popularity of his art has led to the release of the documentary Cutie and The Boxer, which featuring himself and his wife Noriko and gained positive reviews from critics.[28][29]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gary Holland. "History of London Boxing: Early Boxing History". BBC. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  2. 1 2 "British Medical Journal: The Boxing Debate". Bma.org. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  3. ↑ Steven Ross Murray (July 2010). "Boxing Gloves of the Ancient World". Journal of Combative Sport. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  4. ↑  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Caestus". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  5. ↑ "A BRIEF HISTORY OF BOXING". British Boxing Board of Control. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  6. ↑ Gary Holland. "History of London Boxing: A London Revival". BBC. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  7. 1 2 Oliver Irish. "Now and then ... boxing gloves". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "Boxing Gloves and its important facts". SelfGrowth.com. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  9. ↑ "Rules of Boxing" (PDF). England Boxing. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  10. ↑ "INFOGRAPHIC: The Anatomy of a Glove". Ringside. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  11. ↑ William McCoy. "Lace vs. Strap Boxing Gloves". Chron.com. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  12. ↑ "Title Hook Loop Glove Converter". Title Boxing. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  13. ↑ Joe Tessitore. "Floyd Mayweather fails in challenge to Manny Pacquiao's preapproved gloves". ESPN. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  14. ↑ Steven Kelliher. "Horsehair Padding Vs. Foam Boxing Gloves". Chron. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  15. ↑ "Guide to boxing: Amateurs". BBC. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  16. ↑ Radiography of the Upper Extremities. CE4RT, 2015, p. 99.
  17. 1 2 McKenzie, C., Lissenden, H. Boxing Fitness. Bloomsbury, 2013. ISBN 9781408196199
  18. 1 2 "Boxing Gloves Size Chart". Rival Boxing. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  19. 1 2 "Boxing Equipment 101: What To Know Before You Buy". Ringside. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 Johnny, N. "What Boxing Gloves To Use". ExpertBoxing.com. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  21. ↑ "Boxing Gloves: Sizing Guide". FighterStorePro. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  22. ↑ Lissenden, H. The Complete Guide to Boxing Fitness: A non-contact boxing training manual. Bloomsbury, 2015, p. 14. ISBN 9781472902818
  23. ↑ "BOXING GLOVES - a starters guide". eBay. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  24. ↑ Dillner L. Boxing should be counted out, says BMA report. BMJ. 1993;306:1561–1562.
  25. ↑ Joseph R. Svinth (November 2007). "Death under the Spotlight: The Manuel Velazquez Boxing Fatality Collection". Journal of Combative Sport. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  26. ↑ Hatmaker, M. MMA Mastery: Strike Combinations. Tracks Publishing, 2011, p. 40. ISBN 9781935937227
  27. ↑ "Being Well Rounded…With Kempo?". Mixed Martial World. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  28. ↑ Laura Allen. "Newly on View: Shinohara "Boxing Painting"". Asian Art Museum Blog. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  29. ↑ "Cutie and the Boxer". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
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