Boyne River (Michigan)
| Boyne River | |
|---|---|
| Basin | |
| Main source | Eastern Charlevoix County, northeast Antrim County, northwest Otsego County |
| River mouth | Lake Charlevoix at Boyne City |
| Watershed area | 40,320 acres (163.2 km2)[1] |
| Countries | United States |
| Physiognomy | |
| Length | 9.0 km (5.6 mi) (main branch)[2] |
Boyne River is a stream in Northern Michigan, named for the River Boyne in Leinster, Ireland. Together with the north and south branches, the river system has approximately 22 miles (35 km) of mainstream and the water basin drains 40,320 acres (163.2 km2).[1] Boyne River is Lake Charlevoix's second-largest tributary, after the Jordan River.
Course
Boyne River's mainstream is approximately 5.6 miles (9.0 km) long,[2] from the confluence of the north and south branches at 45°10′53″N 84°55′12″W / 45.18139°N 84.92000°W less than a mile northwest of the village of Boyne Falls .[3] The main branch flows northwest through Boyne City into Lake Charlevoix at 45°12′53″N 85°00′53″W / 45.21472°N 85.01472°W.[3]
The North Branch Boyne River is 5.9 miles (9.5 km) long[2] and rises in Hudson Township in eastern Charlevoix County at 45°10′34″N 84°48′52″W / 45.17611°N 84.81444°W.[4] The South Branch Boyne River is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) long[2] and rises in Elmira Township in northwest Otsego County at 45°05′10″N 84°48′42″W / 45.08611°N 84.81167°W.[5] The South Branch flows northwest across the northeast corner of Warner Township in Antrim County.
Impoundments
The river system has three major impoundments:
- The Boyne City Mill Pond within the Boyne City limits less than a mile from the river's mouth. The Boyne City Mill Pond is not a true impoundment resulting from a dam on the river, but affects the river similarly in that itcollects sediments and provides a large surface area that tends to raise the water temperature during the summer months.[6] The pond is called "Little Lake" in a 1901 plat book.[7]
- The reservoir formed by a hydroelectric dam owned by Boyne Resorts at 45°11′38″N 84°56′53″W / 45.19389°N 84.94806°W. The dam was built about 1906 to provide power to nearby towns. The Boyne River Power Company was consolidated with many other small power providers in west Michigan to form the Michigan Public Service Company in 1927. Consumers Energy bought that company in 1950 and continued to operate the power plant until October 12, 1962, after which the generating equipment was removed and the dam, buildings and land surrounding the reservoir were sold to the Boyne Mountain Lodge in 1963. I n 1982, the Boyne Mountain Resort received a license to operate a 250 kilowatt hydroelectric generator using the existing dam and 80-acre (0.32 km2) reservoir.[6][8]
- The Boyne River Pond at 45°10′09″N 84°55′05″W / 45.16917°N 84.91806°W[9] on the South Branch near Boyne Falls. The dam was built before 1900 and the water flow powered a saw mill and grist mill. M-75 crosses the river over the dam.[6]
The soils surrounding Boyne River's headwaters are primarily composed of a Kalkaska-Leelanau association (a mixture of Kalkaska and Leelanau sands), and tend to form steep riverbanks. Among the fish species living in Boyne River are chinook salmon, walleye, brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout.[10]
Tributaries
- (right) Forest Lake,[11] identified as Mud Lake in a 1901 plat book[7]
- (left) North Branch Boyne River[4]
- (right) South Branch Boyne River[5]
- (right) Moyer Creek[16]
Drainage basin
The Boyne River system drains all or portions of the following cities, townships, and villages:
References
- 1 2 "Boyne River Fish Habitat Improvement Project", Conservation Resource Alliance, accessed 08 May, 2010
- 1 2 3 4 "River Facts", Friends of the Boyne River, accessed 09 May, 2010
- 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Boyne River
- 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: North Branch Boyne River
- 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: South Branch Boyne River
- 1 2 3 "Impoundments", Friends of the Boyne River, accessed 08 May, 2010
- 1 2 Myers, P. A. (2005) [1901]. "Boyne City, Evangeline Township". Plat book of Charlevoix County, Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Library. p. 18. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ↑ "Boyne River Dam History", Friends of the Boyne River
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Boyne River Pond
- ↑ "Lake Charlevoix and it's Watershed", Charlevoix County Services & Information Center
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Forest Lake
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Schoolhouse Creek
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cramer Creek
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Licks Creek
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kuznick Creek
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Moyer Creek