Brahacharanam
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| (Unknown) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala | |
| Languages | |
| Brahmin Tamil, Malayalam. | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Iyer, Tamil people |
Brahacharanam is a sub-sect of the Iyer community of Tamil Brahmins. The word "Brahacharanam" is a corruption of the Sanskrit word Brhatcharanam (Sanskrit: ब्रहतचरनम्). Like other Iyer communities, they follow the Advaita philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara. However, the Brahacharanam are more Saivite than the Vadamas. The Brahacharanams, along with the Vadamas, form the major portion of the Kerala Iyer community.
The Brahacharanams, like the Vadamas, have a distinctive martial tradition which differentiate them from other Iyer communities. Members of the community served as Senapatis or army commanders under the Chola kings Raja Raja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I.
Etymology
The word bruhat in Sanskrit means "great", "vast" or "significant" and the word charanam refers to feet. The name Brahacharanam can be thus literally translated as "feet of the greats" referring to the status of a Guru, and the Brahacharanam being those who follow in the footsteps of the Greats.
Origins
Their exact origins are not clear but their presence in the Tamil Kingdoms extends back at least to the reign of Parantaka Chola II, who is said to have brahmarayars as ministers. Many of the agraharam villages of the Brahacharanam also have very ancient origins.
According to some, they made their way into the Tamil country through the Satyamangalam Pass.[1]
BrahaCharanam means Brahath means Vedas and Acharanam means one who follows verbatim. So it means strict follower of Vedic rituals.
Sub-groups
The Brahacharanam are divided into the following subgroups:
- Kandramanickam
- Milanganur
- Mangudi
- Malanadu
- Pazhamaneri
- Musanadu
- Kolathur
- Marudancheri
- Mazhavanattu
- Sathyamangalam and
- Puthur Dravida.[2]
A significant number of Brahacharanams have migrated to Kerala, where they are part of the Kerala Iyer community. They have also migrated in large numbers to Puttur in Andhra Pradesh where they form the Puthur Dravida community.
Culture
Most Brahacharanam are worshippers of Shiva, and they cover their forehead with sacred ashes. Some used to wear the symbol of linga on their heads. However, the Sathyamangalam group have some members who wear the vaishnava mark.
Women also dress like other Iyers. In the ancient times, the cloth worn by the women used to be of little more than a knee's length. Among the Milaganur Brahacharanam, the Adrishya Pondugal ceremony is celebrated in which four women, a widow and a bachelor are invited to a feast. This was done in order to propitate four women who disappeared due to the ill treatment of their mothers in law.[2]
It has been documented that some Bracharanam who lived in places like Mangudi were such rigid saivaites that they would not even utter Govinda's name and lived a life of Stern austerity.[3]
Traditional Role
The traditional function of Brahacharanams is to study and impart Vedic knowledge or officiate as priests in religious functions. However, there is evidence that in ancient times, they might have also served in the army or in civil and administrative services. During the Chola period, members of the community (especially the Pazhamaneri Brahacharanam) even served as army commanders. Senapathi Krishnan Raman was the Commander-in-chief of the Imperial Chola army of Rajendra Chola I.[4] Brahacharanam also consider themselves to be among the first followers of Adi Shankaracharya.
List of Brahacharanams
Some famous Brahacharanams are:
Chandrasekhar family (Mangudi sub-group)
- Sir C.V.Raman, Nobel Prize winner in Physics from India[5]
- Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, younger son of Sir C.V. Raman, prominent astrophysicist.
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Nobel Prize winner in Physics from India, nephew of C.V.Raman[6]
Alladi family (Pudur Dravida sub-group)
- Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, one of the founding fathers of the Indian constitution[7]
- Alladi Ramakrishnan, son of Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy, founder of Matscience India[7]
- Alladi Kuppu Swamy, prominent jurist, son of Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy
- V.S. Ramachandran, an eminent neuroscientist, grandson of Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
Dr D V G family
- Dr D.V.Gundappa, Padmabhushan winner, poet, philosopher, philanthropist (donated entire purse in 1968 to GIPA - Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs, Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bangalore)
Other Notable Brahacharanam Iyers
- Dharmarajadhvarin and Ramakrsnadiksita, father and son who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries. There were scholars of Nyaya and Vedanta and published works like Tattvacintamaniprakasavyakhya and Vedanta Paribhasha.
- Sir T. Sadasiva Iyer, Indian judge.
- R. V. Srinivasa Aiyar, Indian politician.
- Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, a Carnatic vocalist[9]
- P. S. Sivaswami Iyer, Advocate General of Madras during the British Raj
- Krishnan Raman Brahmarayar, Commander-in-chief of the Chola army
- Mahakavi C.Subramania Bharathi, a Tamil poet and fighter
- Manakkal Nambigal, disciple of Uyyakondar an early disciple of Nathamuni
- Kalki Sadasivam, fighter and husband of M. S. Subbulakshmi.
- Sir K. Seshadri Iyer, Dewan of Mysore, regarded as the "maker of modern Bangalore".
- Dorairaja Iyer, scholar of Bharatanatyam[10]
- V. Balakumaran, Tamil writer, playwright and novelist
- M.R.Jambunathan, Gandhian and Vedic Scholar who translated the Vedas into Tamil[11]
- Vedam Venkataraya Sastry, Sanskrit scholar in Madras Christian college. Translated many Sanskrit works into Telugu[7]
- Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu, Founder and owner of Vavilla Press.
- Vadari Venkataramaniah, Advocate General of State of Andhra Pradesh
Notes
- ↑ Kongunadu
- 1 2 Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Pg 335
- ↑ http://yabaluri.org/TRIVENI/CDWEB/thebreachjan49.htm
- ↑ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, K.A (2000) [1935]. The CōĻas. Madras: University of Madras. pp. 188–189.
- ↑ World Famous Scientists By Sura College of Competition, Prof. P.R. Sreemahadevan Pillai
- ↑ Chandra: a biography of S. Chandrasekhar By Kameshwar C. Wali
- 1 2 3 http://pudurdravida.com/Celebrities.html
- ↑ http://results2.ap.nic.in/general/s2/s2authbooks.jsp?A=20
- ↑ http://www.karnatik.com/co1113.shtml
- ↑ http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://in.geocities.com/indian_dance_bharatanatyam/mangudi.html&date=2009-10-25+04:02:17
- ↑ http://newstodaynet.com/printer.php?id=9770
References
- Thurston, Edgar; K. Rangachari (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume I - A and B. Madras: Government Press.