Brilliant Blue FCF

"Blue 1" redirects here. For the airline, see Blue1.
Not to be confused with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.
Brilliant Blue FCF
Names
IUPAC name
ethyl - [4 - [ [4 - [ethyl -[(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] amino] phenyl] - (2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 - cyclohexa - 2, 5 - dienylidene] - [(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] azanium
Other names
FD&C Blue No.1
Acid Blue 9
D&C Blue No. 4
Alzen Food Blue No. 1
Atracid Blue FG
Erioglaucine
Eriosky blue
Patent Blue AR
Xylene Blue VSG
C.I. 42090 Basacid Blue 755, Sulfacid Brilliant Blue 5 J, Neolan Blue E-A
Identifiers
3844-45-9 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL423337 N
ChemSpider 18556 YesY
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 19700
UNII H3R47K3TBD YesY
Properties
C37H34N2Na2O9S3
Molar mass 792.85 g/mol
soluble
Hazards
R-phrases R33
S-phrases S24/25 S28 S37 S45[1]
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chloride Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
0
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue 1) is an organic compound classified as a Triarylmethane dye, reflecting its chemical structure. Known under various commercial names, it is a colorant for foods and other substances. It is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. It has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. It is soluble in water, and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers.

Production

It is a synthetic dye produced by the condensation of 2-formylbenzenesulfonic acid and the appropriate aniline followed by oxidation.[2] It can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green.

It is usually a disodium salt. The diammonium salt has CAS number 3844-45-9. Calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. It can also appear as an aluminium lake. The chemical formation is C37H34N2Na2O9S3.

Related dyes are C.I. acid green 3 (CAS#4680-78-8) and acid green 9 (CAS#4857-81-2). In these dyes, the 2-sulfonic acid group is replaced by H and Cl, respectively.[3]

Applications

As a blue color, Brilliant Blue FCF is often found in ice cream, canned processed peas, packet soups, bottled food colorings, icings, ice pops, blue raspberry flavored products, dairy products, sweets[4] and drinks, especially the liqueur blue curaçao. It is also used in soaps, shampoos, mouthwash[5] and other hygiene and cosmetics applications. In soil science, Brilliant Blue is applied in tracing studies to visualize infiltration and water distribution in the soil. In the United States, of the two approved blue dyes (the other being Indigo carmine, or FD&C Blue #2), Brilliant Blue FCF is the more common of the two.

Health and safety

In the United Kingdom, Smarties chocolates were colored with Brilliant Blue FCF (top) until 2008, later being replaced with a natural spirulina coloring (bottom).

The dye is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and 95% of the ingested dye can be found in the feces.

Brilliant Blue FCF is an approved food colorant and pharmacologically inactive substance for drug formulations in the EU and the United States. It is also legal in other countries. It has the capacity for inducing allergic reactions in individuals with pre-existing moderate asthma.[6] In 2003, the U.S. FDA issued a public health advisory to warn health care providers of the potential toxicity of this synthetic dye in enteral feeding solutions.[7] The following legal limits apply in the EU (E 131) and other countries: 150-300 mg/kg depending on the type of food. Safety limit for foods and drugs: 0.1 mg/day per kg body weight.[8] The ADI for Brilliant Blue FCF is 10 mg/kg.

Biomedical research

Scientists who were conducting in-vivo studies of compounds to lessen the severity of inflammation following experimental spinal cord injury had previously tested a compound called OxATP to block a key ATP receptor in spinal neurons. However, OxATP has toxic side effects and must be injected directly into the spinal cord; in searching for alternatives they noted that Brilliant Blue FCF has a similar structure. This led them to test a related dye, Brilliant Blue G (also known as Coomassie Brilliant Blue) in rats, which improved recovery from spinal cord injury.[9]

References

  1. ↑ "Erioglaucine disodiumsalt" (PDF). Acros Organics. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  2. ↑ El Ali, Bassam M.; Bassam El Ali; Ali, Mohammad Farahat (2005). Handbook of industrial chemistry: organic chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141037-6.
  3. ↑ Thomas Gessner and Udo Mayer "Triarylmethane and Diarylmethane Dyes" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_179
  4. ↑ Nestle Aero packet ingredients listing barcode: 7613031579334
  5. ↑ "LISTERINE Antiseptic Mouthwash, SMART RINSE, WHITENING, ADVANCED, Fluoride Rinse, and Tartar Protection Products". Listerine.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
  6. ↑ J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.; VOL 64 ISS Jul 1979, P32-37, (REF 25)
  7. ↑ FD&C Blue No. 1. Retrieved 16 November, 2013
  8. ↑ zusatzstoffe-online.de: E133
  9. ↑ Peng, Weiguo; Maria L. Cotrinaa; Xiaoning Hana; Hongmei Yua; Lane Bekara; Livnat Bluma; Takahiro Takanoa; Guo-Feng Tiana; Steven A. Goldmanb; Maiken Nedergaard (July 28, 2009). "Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (30): 12489–12493. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902531106. PMC 2718350. PMID 19666625. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

External links

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