Bronchoalveolar lavage

Bronchoalveolar lavage
Intervention
ICD-9-CM	33.24
MeSH	D018893

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; informally, "bronchoalveolar washing") is a medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then collected for examination. It is typically performed to diagnose lung disease.^[1]

In particular, bronchoalveolar lavage is commonly used to diagnose infections in people with immune system problems,^[2] pneumonia in people on ventilators, some types of lung cancer, and scarring of the lung (interstitial lung disease). It is the most common manner to sample the components of the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and to determine the protein composition of the pulmonary airways, and it is often used in immunological research as a means of sampling cells or pathogen levels in the lung. Examples of these include T-cell populations and influenza viral levels.

BAL has been used for therapeutic applications.^[3] Whole lung lavage (WLL; informally, "lung washing"^[4]) is a treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.^[5]

References

↑ "Bronchoalveolar Lavage" (PDF). Atlas of Critical Care Procedures. American Thoracic Society.
↑ Henderson AJ (March 1994). "Bronchoalveolar lavage". Arch. Dis. Child. 70 (3): 167–9. doi:10.1136/adc.70.3.167. PMC 1029733. PMID 8135556.
↑ Danel, C.; Israel-Biet, D.; Costabel, U.; Klech, H. (1992). "Therapeutic applications of bronchoalveolar lavage". European Respiratory Journal (European Respiratory Society) 5 (10): 1173–1175. ISSN 0903-1936.
↑ "How 'Lung Washing' Helps Patients Breathe Again". healthessentials. Cleveland Clinic. August 6, 2014.
↑ Michaud, Gaëtane; Reddy, Chakravarthy; Ernst, Armin (2009). "Whole-lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis". Chest 136 (6): 1678–1681. doi:10.1378/chest.09-2295.

Tests, surgery and other procedures involving the respiratory system (ICD-9-CM V3 21–22, 30–34, ICD-10-PCS 0B)

Upper RT	nose Rhinoplasty Septoplasty Rhinectomy Rhinomanometry sinus Sinusotomy larynx Laryngoscopy Laryngectomy Laryngotomy Thyrotomy

Lower RT	trachea Cricothyrotomy Tracheoesophageal puncture Tracheotomy bronchus Bronchoscopy lung Pneumonectomy Lobectomy Wedge resection Lung transplantation Decortication of lung Heart-lung transplant

Chest wall, pleura, mediastinum, and diaphragm	pleura/pleural cavity Thoracentesis Pleurodesis Thoracoscopy Thoracotomy Chest tube mediastinum Mediastinoscopy Nuss procedure

Medical imaging	Bronchography CT pulmonary angiogram High resolution CT Spiral CT Ventilation/perfusion scan

CPRs	Pneumonia severity index CURB-65

Lung function test	Body plethysmography Spirometry Bronchial challenge test Capnography Diffusion capacity

Cytology	Sputum culture Bronchoalveolar lavage

Respiratory therapy/ intubation	Mechanical ventilation Positive pressure ventilation Artificial respiration Nebulizer Hyperbaric medicine Oxygen therapy Decompression chamber Heliox Negative pressure ventilator Postural drainage CPR

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