Bruce Western

Bruce Prichart Western
Born (1964-07-01) July 1, 1964
Australia
Nationality Australian-American
Fields Sociology
Institutions Harvard University
Education University of Queensland (B.A., 1987), University of California, Los Angeles (M.A., 1990; PhD 1993)
Thesis Unionization trends in postwar capitalism: a comparative study of working class organization (1993)
Known for Research into mass incarceration
Spouse Yes
Children 3 daughters

Bruce Prichart Western (born July 1, 1964)[1] is an Australian-born American sociologist and the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Professor of Criminal Justice Policy at Harvard University. He is also the director of the Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy at Harvard, and the faculty chair of the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government.[2] He has been called "one of the leading academic experts on American incarceration."[3]

Education

Born in Australia, Western received his BA in government with honors from the University of Queensland in 1987.[4] He subsequently received his masters' and PhD degrees in sociology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1990 and 1993, respectively.[4]

Career

After receiving his PhD, Western taught at Princeton University for fourteen years until joining Harvard in 2007 as the director of the Kennedy School's Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality and Social Policy.[5][6]

Research

Prisons and mass incarceration

Originally, Western's research pertained to organized labor, but he became interested in researching prisons and mass incarceration, in his words, "almost by accident" after talking to a colleague about the United States' use of prisons to manage disadvantaged populations.[6] As of 2008, he had written or co-written more than a dozen articles about prisons, as well as a book ("Punishment and Inequality in America") on the same topic.[6] In "Punishment and Inequality in America", originally published in 2006, he concludes that "mass imprisonment has erased many of the "gains to African American citizenship hard won by the civil rights movement.""[7] In a 2010 study, Western and fellow sociologist Becky Pettit outlined the way in which, according to them, poverty increases prison populations and these populations in turn increase poverty.[8][9] Another study co-authored by Pettit and Western found that on average, incarceration reduces annual salaries by about 40% for the average male former prisoner.[10] As of 2013, Western was also studying what happens to prisoners after they are released, and has interviewed the subjects of the study in person, which has, according to Elizabeth Gudrais, "put a human face on the statistics and dashed preconceived notions in the process."[11] In 2015, he published a study based on these interviews, showing that 40% of the recently incarcerated prisoners he interviewed in the Boston area had witnessed a killing when they were children.[12][13]

Unions

He has also researched the relationship between the decline of unions and increasing income inequality, and has found that the former accounted for a third of the increase in income inequality among male workers.[14][15]

Honors and awards

In 2005, while on the faculty of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton, Western received a Guggenheim Fellowship for his project, "The Growth and Consequences of American Inequality."[16] His book "Punishment and Inequality in America" won both the 2008 Michael J. Hindelang Book Award from the American Society of Criminology and the 2007 Albert J. Reiss, Jr. Distinguished Scholarship Award from the American Sociological Association.[17] Western was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences in 2015.[18]

Personal life

As of 2008, Western lived in Brookline, Massachusetts with his wife and three daughters.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "Bruce Western". Library of Congress. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Bruce Western". Harvard University. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  3. ↑ Coates, Ta-Nehisi (October 2015). "The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Bruce Western CV" (PDF). Harvard University. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  5. ↑ "Professor Bruce Western". United States Studies Centre. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Bruce Western". Harvard Magazine. January–February 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  7. ↑ Gottschalk, Marie (April 15, 2008). "Two Separate Societies: One in Prison, One Not". Washington Post. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  8. ↑ Western, Bruce; Pettit, Becky (July 2010). "Incarceration & social inequality". Daedalus 139 (3): 8–19. doi:10.1162/DAED_a_00019.
  9. ↑ Abramsky, Sasha (October 8, 2010). "Toxic Persons". Slate. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  10. ↑ Tierney, John (February 18, 2013). "Prison and the Poverty Trap". New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  11. ↑ Gudrais, Elizabeth (March–April 2013). "The Prison Problem". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  12. ↑ Western, Bruce (November 2015). "Lifetimes of Violence in a Sample of Released Prisoners". RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 1 (2): 14–30.
  13. ↑ Smith, Clint (February 8, 2016). "The Meaning of Life Without Parole". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  14. ↑ Western, B.; Rosenfeld, J. (August 1, 2011). "Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality". American Sociological Review 76 (4): 513–537. doi:10.1177/0003122411414817.
  15. ↑ Harkinson, Josh (August 1, 2011). "Major Study Links Decline of Unions to Rising of Income Inequality". Mother Jones. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Bruce Western receives Guggenheim Foundation fellowship award". Princeton University. August 31, 2005. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Punishment and Inequality in America". Russell Sage Foundation. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Bruce Western elected to the National Academy of Sciences". Harvard University. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
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