CALHM1

Calcium homeostasis modulator 1
Identifiers
Symbols	CALHM1 ; FAM26C
External IDs	OMIM: 612234 HomoloGene: 55508 GeneCards: CALHM1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • calcium activated cation channel activity • voltage-gated ion channel activity • voltage-gated calcium channel activity • identical protein binding Cellular component • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • integral component of plasma membrane Biological process • cation transport • ATP transport • ion transmembrane transport • regulation of ion transmembrane transport • sensory perception of bitter taste • sensory perception of sweet taste • sensory perception of umami taste • protein homooligomerization • calcium ion transmembrane transport Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	255022	546729
Ensembl	ENSG00000185933	ENSMUSG00000079258
UniProt	Q8IU99	D3Z291
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001001412	NM_001081271
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001001412	NP_001074740
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 103.45 – 103.46 Mb	Chr 19: 47.14 – 47.14 Mb
PubMed search

Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel that in humans is encoded by the CALHM1 gene.^[1]

Function

Central nervous system

CALHM1 was identified by a tissue-specific gene expression profiling approach^[2] that screened for genes located on susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that are preferentially expressed in the hippocampus,^[1] a brain region affected early in AD. CALHM1 is a plasma membrane calcium-permeable ion channel regulated by voltage and extracellular calcium levels.^[3] The exact function of CALHM1 in the brain is not completely understood, but studies have shown that CALHM1 controls neuronal intracellular calcium homeostasis and signaling, as well as calcium-dependent neuronal excitability.^[3][4] Recent data have also shown that CALHM1 might facilitate the proteolytic degradation of the cerebral amyloid beta peptide, a culprit in AD pathogenesis.^[5]

Peripheral taste system

CALHM1 is expressed in taste bud cells where it controls purinergic receptor-mediated taste transduction in the gustatory system.^[6][7]

See also

• Ruthenium red

References

1. Dreses-Werringloer U, Lambert JC, Vingtdeux V, Zhao H, Vais H, Siebert A, Jain A, Koppel J, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Hannequin D, Pasquier F, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Mann D, Lendon C, Campion D, Amouyel P, Davies P, Foskett JK, Campagne F, Marambaud P (Jun 2008). "A polymorphism in CALHM1 influences Ca2+ homeostasis, Abeta levels, and Alzheimer's disease risk". Cell 133 (7): 1149–61. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.05.048. PMID 18585350.
2. Skrabanek L, Campagne F (Nov 2001). "TissueInfo: high-throughput identification of tissue expression profiles and specificity". Nucleic Acids Research 29 (21): E102–2. doi:10.1093/nar/29.21.e102. PMC 60201. PMID 11691939.
3. Ma Z, Siebert AP, Cheung KH, Lee RJ, Johnson B, Cohen AS, Vingtdeux V, Marambaud P, Foskett JK (Jul 2012). "Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is the pore-forming subunit of an ion channel that mediates extracellular Ca2+ regulation of neuronal excitability". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (28): E1963–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204023109. PMID 22711817.
4. Dreses-Werringloer U, Vingtdeux V, Zhao H, Chandakkar P, Davies P, Marambaud P (Mar 2013). "CALHM1 controls the Ca²⁺-dependent MEK, ERK, RSK and MSK signaling cascade in neurons". J Cell Sci 126: 1199–206. doi:10.1242/jcs.117135. PMID 23345406.
5. Vingtdeux V, Chandakkar P, Zhao H, Blanc L, Ruiz S, Marambaud P (May 2015). "CALHM1 ion channel elicits amyloid-β clearance by insulin-degrading enzyme in cell lines and in vivo in the mouse brain". J Cell Sci 128: 2330–8. doi:10.1242/jcs.167270. PMID 25999473.
6. Taruno A, Vingtdeux V, Ohmoto M, Ma Z, Dvoryanchikov G, Li A, Adrien L, Zhao H, Leung S, Abernethy M, Koppel J, Davies P, Civan MM, Chaudhari N, Matsumoto I, Hellekant G, Tordoff MG, Marambaud P, Foskett JK (Mar 2013). "CALHM1 ion channel mediates purinergic neurotransmission of sweet, bitter and umami tastes". Nature 495 (7440): 223–6. doi:10.1038/nature11906. PMID 23467090.
7. Kinnamon SC, Finger TE (Dec 2013). "A taste for ATP: neurotransmission in taste buds". Front Cell Neurosci 18 (7): 264. doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00264. PMID 24385952.

Further reading

• Moyer BD, Hevezi P, Gao N, Lu M, Kalabat D, Soto H, Echeverri F, Laita B, Yeh SA, Zoller M, Zlotnik A (Dec 2009). "Expression of genes encoding multi-transmembrane proteins in specific primate taste cell populations". PLOS ONE 4 (12): e7682. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007682. PMID 19997627.
• Moreno-Ortega AJ, Ruiz-Nuño A, García AG, Cano-Abad MF (Jan 2010). "Mitochondria sense with different kinetics the calcium entering into HeLa cells through calcium channels CALHM1 and mutated P86L-CALHM1". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 391 (1): 722–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.127. PMID 19944073.
• Desharnais R, Godin G, Jobin J, Valois P, Ross A (Dec 1990). "Optimism and health-relevant cognitions after a myocardial infarction". Psychological Reports 67 (3 Pt 2): 247–55. doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-100933. PMID 2084739.
• Lv RJ, He JS, Fu YH, Shao XQ, Wu LW, Lu Q, Jin LR, Liu H (Apr 2011). "A polymorphism in CALHM1 is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy". Epilepsy & Behavior 20 (4): 681–5. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.02.00. PMID 21439911.