CHD4

Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4
PDB rendering based on 1mm2.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1MM2​, 1MM3​, 2EE1​, 2L5U​, 2L75​
Identifiers
Symbols	CHD4 ; CHD-4; Mi-2b; Mi2-BETA
External IDs	OMIM: 603277 MGI: 1344380 HomoloGene: 68175 GeneCards: CHD4 Gene
EC number	3.6.4.12
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding • DNA binding • ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • microtubule binding • zinc ion binding • nucleosomal DNA binding Cellular component • nuclear chromatin • nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm • centrosome • membrane • NuRD complex • protein complex Biological process • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • chromatin organization • transcription, DNA-templated • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • DNA duplex unwinding • ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling • spindle assembly • terminal button organization Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1108	107932
Ensembl	ENSG00000111642	ENSMUSG00000063870
UniProt	Q14839	Q6PDQ2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001273	NM_145979
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001264	NP_666091
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 6.57 – 6.61 Mb	Chr 6: 125.1 – 125.13 Mb
PubMed search

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

The product of this gene belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. It represents the main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex and plays an important role in epigenetic transcriptional repression. Patients with dermatomyositis develop antibodies against this protein.^[3]

Interactions

CHD4 has been shown to interact with HDAC1,^[4][5][6] Histone deacetylase 2,^[6][7][8] MTA2,^[4] SATB1^[9] and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related.^[8]

References

1. Seelig HP, Moosbrugger I, Ehrfeld H, Fink T, Renz M, Genth E (Oct 1995). "The major dermatomyositis-specific Mi-2 autoantigen is a presumed helicase involved in transcriptional activation". Arthritis and Rheumatism 38 (10): 1389–99. doi:10.1002/art.1780381006. PMID 7575689.
2. Seelig HP, Renz M, Targoff IN, Ge Q, Frank MB (Oct 1996). "Two forms of the major antigenic protein of the dermatomyositis-specific Mi-2 autoantigen". Arthritis and Rheumatism 39 (10): 1769–71. doi:10.1002/art.1780391029. PMID 8843877.
3. "Entrez Gene: CHD4 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4".
4. Yao YL, Yang WM (Oct 2003). "The metastasis-associated proteins 1 and 2 form distinct protein complexes with histone deacetylase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (43): 42560–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302955200. PMID 12920132.
5. Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL (Apr 1999). "Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96 (9): 4868–73. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4868. PMC 21783. PMID 10220385.
6. Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (Oct 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature 395 (6705): 917–21. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID 9804427.
7. Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, Speicher DW, Shiekhattar R (Feb 2003). "A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (9): 7234–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208992200. PMID 12493763.
8. Schmidt DR, Schreiber SL (Nov 1999). "Molecular association between ATR and two components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating complex, HDAC2 and CHD4". Biochemistry 38 (44): 14711–7. doi:10.1021/bi991614n. PMID 10545197.
9. Yasui D, Miyano M, Cai S, Varga-Weisz P, Kohwi-Shigematsu T (Oct 2002). "SATB1 targets chromatin remodelling to regulate genes over long distances". Nature 419 (6907): 641–5. doi:10.1038/nature01084. PMID 12374985.

Further reading

• Denslow SA, Wade PA (Aug 2007). "The human Mi-2/NuRD complex and gene regulation". Oncogene 26 (37): 5433–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210611. PMID 17694084.
• Ge Q, Nilasena DS, O'Brien CA, Frank MB, Targoff IN (Oct 1995). "Molecular analysis of a major antigenic region of the 240-kD protein of Mi-2 autoantigen". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 96 (4): 1730–7. doi:10.1172/JCI118218. PMC 185809. PMID 7560064.
• Woodage T, Basrai MA, Baxevanis AD, Hieter P, Collins FS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of the CHD family of proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 (21): 11472–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11472. PMC 23509. PMID 9326634.
• Zhang Y, LeRoy G, Seelig HP, Lane WS, Reinberg D (Oct 1998). "The dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen Mi2 is a component of a complex containing histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodeling activities". Cell 95 (2): 279–89. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81758-4. PMID 9790534.
• Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (Oct 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature 395 (6705): 917–21. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID 9804427.
• Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Bird A, Reinberg D (Aug 1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes & Development 13 (15): 1924–35. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC 316920. PMID 10444591.
• Schmidt DR, Schreiber SL (Nov 1999). "Molecular association between ATR and two components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating complex, HDAC2 and CHD4". Biochemistry 38 (44): 14711–7. doi:10.1021/bi991614n. PMID 10545197.
• Humphrey GW, Wang Y, Russanova VR, Hirai T, Qin J, Nakatani Y, Howard BH (Mar 2001). "Stable histone deacetylase complexes distinguished by the presence of SANT domain proteins CoREST/kiaa0071 and Mta-L1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (9): 6817–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007372200. PMID 11102443.
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI (Jan 2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Current Biology 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298.
• Koipally J, Georgopoulos K (Aug 2002). "A molecular dissection of the repression circuitry of Ikaros". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (31): 27697–705. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201694200. PMID 12015313.
• Saito M, Ishikawa F (Sep 2002). "The mCpG-binding domain of human MBD3 does not bind to mCpG but interacts with NuRD/Mi2 components HDAC1 and MTA2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (38): 35434–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203455200. PMID 12124384.
• Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, Speicher DW, Shiekhattar R (Feb 2003). "A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (9): 7234–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208992200. PMID 12493763.
• Kwan AH, Gell DA, Verger A, Crossley M, Matthews JM, Mackay JP (Jul 2003). "Engineering a protein scaffold from a PHD finger". Structure 11 (7): 803–13. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(03)00122-9. PMID 12842043.
• Shimono Y, Murakami H, Kawai K, Wade PA, Shimokata K, Takahashi M (Dec 2003). "Mi-2 beta associates with BRG1 and RET finger protein at the distinct regions with transcriptional activating and repressing abilities". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (51): 51638–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309198200. PMID 14530259.
• Williams CJ, Naito T, Arco PG, Seavitt JR, Cashman SM, De Souza B, Qi X, Keables P, Von Andrian UH, Georgopoulos K (Jun 2004). "The chromatin remodeler Mi-2beta is required for CD4 expression and T cell development". Immunity 20 (6): 719–33. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.05.005. PMID 15189737.
• Lehner B, Sanderson CM (Jul 2004). "A protein interaction framework for human mRNA degradation". Genome Research 14 (7): 1315–23. doi:10.1101/gr.2122004. PMC 442147. PMID 15231747.