Cadmium resistance transporter
| Cadmium Resistance Protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | CadD | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF03596 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR004676 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The cadmium resistance (CadD) protein family (TC# 2.A.77) belongs to the Lysine exporter (LysE) superfamily.[1] CadD members facilitate the export of cationic compounds such as cadmium ions.[2]
Members
Currently, many sequenced proteins comprise the CadD family. Two are close orthologues in two Staphylococcus species that have been reported to function in cadmium resistance, a fourth has been reported to function in quaternary ammonium cation export, and the fourth is a distant open reading frame (ORF) in Staphylococcus aureus.[3] These proteins are found in Gram-positive bacteria. Their mode of energy coupling has not been investigated, but is hypothesized to include a proton antiport mechanism. This family is distantly related to members of the LysE family (TC #2.A.75) and the RhtB family (TC #2.A.76). These three families, which are included in the LysE superfamily, all consist of proteins of similar sizes (about 200 residues) and topologies (6 putative transmembrane α-helical segments; 5 experimentally determined TMSs).[4]
General Transport Reaction
The probable reaction catalyzed by these proteins is: [2]
Cationic compound (in) + nH+ (out) → Cationic compound (out) + nH+ (in).
Further Reading
- Schirawski, Jan; Hagens, Werner; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; van Sinderen, Douwe (2002-11-01). "Molecular Characterization of Cadmium Resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus Strain 4134: an Example of Lateral Gene Transfer". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (11): 5508–5516. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.11.5508-5516.2002.ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 129935. PMID 12406744.
- Johnson, Daniel A.; Tetu, Sasha G.; Phillippy, Katherine; Chen, Joan; Ren, Qinghu; Paulsen, Ian T. (2008-01-01). "High-throughput phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane transport genes". PLoS genetics 4 (10): e1000211.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000211. ISSN 1553-7404.PMC 2542419. PMID 18833300.
- Nies, D. H. (1992-01-01). "Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and nickel in microbes". Plasmid 27(1): 17–28. ISSN 0147-619X. PMID 1741458.
- Braz, Vânia S.; Marques, Marilis V. (2005-10-15). "Genes involved in cadmium resistance in Caulobacter crescentus". FEMS Microbiology Letters 251 (2): 289–295.doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.013.
- Lee, Seon-Woo; Glickmann, Eric; Cooksey, Donald A. (2001-04-01). "Chromosomal Locus for Cadmium Resistance in Pseudomonas putida Consisting of a Cadmium-Transporting ATPase and a MerR Family Response Regulator". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67 (4): 1437–1444.doi:10.1128/AEM.67.4.1437-1444.2001. ISSN 0099-2240.PMC 92752. PMID 11282588.
References
- ↑ Tsu, Brian V.; Saier, Milton H. (2015-01-01). "The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PloS One 10 (10): e0137184. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137184. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4608589. PMID 26474485.
- 1 2 "2.A.77 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family". Transporter Classification Database. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
- ↑ Crupper, S. S.; Worrell, V.; Stewart, G. C.; Iandolo, J. J. (1999-07-01). "Cloning and expression of cadD, a new cadmium resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Bacteriology 181 (13): 4071–4075. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 93898. PMID 10383976.
- ↑ Cao, Yu; Jin, Xiangshu; Levin, Elena J.; Huang, Hua; Zong, Yinong; Quick, Matthias; Weng, Jun; Pan, Yaping; Love, James (2011-05-05). "Crystal structure of a phosphorylation-coupled saccharide transporter". Nature 473 (7345): 50–54. doi:10.1038/nature09939. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 3201810. PMID 21471968.
As of 25 February 2016, this article is derived in whole or in part from Transporter Classification Database. The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. The original text was at "2.A.77 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family".