Calar Alto Observatory

The Calar Alto Observatory (Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán or Deutsch-Spanisches Astronomisches Zentrum, respectively "German–Spanish Astronomical Centre" and "Spanish–German Astronomical Centre") is an astronomical observatory owned and operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy) in Heidelberg, Germany, and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia – CSIC) in Granada, Spain. It is located in Almería province in Spain on Calar Alto, a 2,168-meter-high (7,113 ft) mountain in Sierra de Los Filabres.

The 3.5-meter telescope is the largest telescope in mainland Europe, though there are three larger telescopes on the Spanish island of La Palma at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory.

History

The site was proposed in 1970, and was officially opened in July 1975 with the commissioning of its 1.2-meter (47 in) telescope. The site developed due German and Spanish cooperation in astronomy. Eventually four more telescopes were commissioned.

The Schmidt telescope was moved to Calar Alto in 1976 from the Hamburg Observatory at Bergedorf, where it had been completed in 1954. It was decommissioned in 2000.

Equipment

2.2 meter at Calar Alto

The Max-Planck institute owns a 3.5-meter (138-inch), 2.2 m (87 in), and a 1.23 m (48 in) telescope, and an 80 cm (31 in) Schmidt reflector. The 3.5-meter is the largest telescope on European soil with an Equatorial mount. There is also a 1.5 m (59 in) telescope that is owned and operated by the Spanish OAN.

Work

The CALIFA Survey (Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey) is an astronomical project to map 600 galaxies with imaging spectroscopy (integral field spectroscopy (IFS)).^[1]

Publications

Elsässer, H. (1975). "Kurze Berichte über die wissenschaftlichen Vorträge": 53. Bibcode:1975MitAg..36...53E.
Lemke, D.; Frey, A.; Hefele, H.; Schulte in den Bauemen, J. (1978). "Observational conditions for infrared photometry on Calar Alto": 98–103. Bibcode:1978MitAG..43...98L.
Elsässer, H. (1981). "Calar Alto - bisherige Erfahrungen, künftige Entwicklung". Bibcode:1981MitAG..54...15E.
Fried, J. (1987). "Das 3.5-m Teleskop auf dem Calar Alto": 27. Bibcode:1987MitAG..68...27F.
Birkle, K.; Hopp, U. (1987). "The Calar Alto 3.5 m Telescope. Operation and Test Results". Bibcode:1987MitAG..68...12B.
Hopp, U.; Graser, U. (1990). "Optical quality of the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope". Astronomy and Astrophysics 235: 543–548. Bibcode:1990A&A...235..543H.
Bizenberger, Peter; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Birk, Christoph Birk; Thompson, Dave; Storz, Clemens (1998). "Omega Prime: the wide-field near-infrared camerea for the 3.5-m telescope of the Calar Alto observatory". Bibcode:1998SPIE.3354.825B. doi:10.1117/23.317219.
Lenzen, Rainer; Bizenberger, Peter; Salm, Norbert; Storz, Clemens (1998). Bely, Pierre Y; Breckinridge, James B, eds. "Omega Cass: a new multimode NIR-imager/spectrometer for the Calar Alto Observatory". Space Telescopes and Instruments V 3356: 493. Bibcode:1998SPIE.3354..493L. doi:10.1117/12.317275. |chapter= ignored (help)
Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Bizenberger, Peter; Storz, Clemens (2000). "Achieving a wide field near infrared camera for the Calar Alto 3.5m telescope". Proc. SPIE. arXiv:astro-ph/0003072. Bibcode:2000SPIE.4008.1305B. doi:10.1117/23.395447.
Hippler, Stefan; Kapser, Markus E.; Feldt, Markus; Weiss, Robert (2000). "ALFA: three years of experience in adaptive optics with a laser guide star". Proc. SPIE 4007. Bibcode:2000SPIE.4007...41H. doi:10.1117/23.390397.
Wolf, C.; Meisenheimer, K.; Röser, H. -J.; Beckwith, S. V. W.; Chaffee, F. H.; Fried, J.; Hippelein, H.; Huang, J. -S.; Kümmel, M.; Von Kuhlmann, B.; Maier, C.; Phleps, S.; Rix, H. -W.; Thommes, E.; Thompson, D. (2001). "Multi-color classification in the calar alto deep imaging survey". Astronomy and Astrophysics 365 (3): 681. arXiv:astro-ph/0010604. Bibcode:2001A&A...365..681W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000064.
Graser, U.; Hopp, U. (2001). "Pointing models for the Calar Alto 2.2 M and 3.5 M telescopes". Astronomy and Astrophysics 251 (2): 737–742. Bibcode:1991A&A...251..737G.
Baumeister, Harald; Bizenberger, Peter; Bayler-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Kovacz, Zoltan; Röser, Hermann-Josef (2003). "Cryogenic engineering for OMEGA2000: design and performance". Proc. SPIE 4841. Bibcode:2003SPIE.4841..343B. doi:10.1117/23.461003.
Ziad, A.; Gredel, R.; Aceituno, J.; Borgnino, J.; Hoyo, F.; Irbah, A.; Martin, F.; Thiele, U.; Pedraz, S. (2005). "A site-testing campaign at the Calar Alto Observatory with GSM and DIMM instruments". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 362 (2): 455. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.362..455Z. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09299.x.
Sanchez, S. F.; Aceituno, J.; Thiele, U.; Perez-Ramirez, D.; Alves, J. (2007). "The night sky at the Calar Alto Observatory". Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 119 (860): 1186. arXiv:0709.0813. Bibcode:2007PASP..119.1186S. doi:10.1086/522378. JSTOR 10.1086/522378.
Baumeister, H.; Alter, M.; Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C. N.; Fernandez, M.; Fried, J.; Helmling, J.; Huber, A.; Ibáñez Mengual, J. M.; Rodríguez Gómez, J. F.; Laun, W.; Lenzen, R.; Mall, U.; Naranjo, V.; Ramos, J. R.; Rohloff, R. R.; García Segura, A.; Storz, C.; Ubierna, M.; Wagner, K. (2008). "PANIC: the new panoramic NIR camera for Calar Alto". In McLean, Ian S; Casali, Mark M. Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II 7014. p. 70142R. doi:10.1117/12.788796.
Sanchez, S. F.; Thiele, U.; Aceituno, J.; Cristobal, D.; Perea, J.; Alves, J. (2008). "The night sky at the Calar Alto Observatory II: The sky at the near-infrared". Publ. Astr. Soc. Pac. 120 (873): 1244. arXiv:0809.4988. Bibcode:2008PASP..120.1244S. doi:10.1086/593981. JSTOR 10.1086/593981.
Quirrenbach; Amado; Mandel; Caballero; Ribas; Reiners; Mundt; Abril; Afonso (2009). "CARMENES: Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with a Near-infrared Echelle Spectrograph". arXiv:0912.0561 [astro-ph.SR].
Husemann, B.; jahnke, K.; Sanchez, S. F.; Berrado-Navscues, D. (2012). "CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: II. First public data release". arXiv:1210.8150.

References

"Calar Alto Observatory homepage". Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán. Retrieved December 12, 2005.

↑ S. F. Sánchez; et al. (February 2012). "CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. I. Survey presentation". Astronomy & Astrophysics 538 (id.A8): 31. arXiv:1111.0962. Bibcode:2012A&A...538A...8S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117353.

External links

Coordinates: 37°13′14.85″N 2°32′47.67″W / 37.2207917°N 2.5465750°W / 37.2207917; -2.5465750

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