Arizona v. California

Arizona v. California

Argued March 9–10, 1931; April 2, 1934; April 28, 1936; January 8–11, 1962 (Reargued November 13–14, 1962); June 3, 1963; June 3, 1963; October 10, 1978; December 8, 1982; June 3, 1963; June 19, 2000–,
Decided May 18, 1931; April 2, 1934; May 21, 1934; May 25, 1936; June 3, 1963; March 9, 1964; February 28, 1966; January 9, 1979; March 30, 1983; April 16, 1984; October 10, 2000
Full case name State of Arizona v. State of California
Citations 283 U.S. 423 (1931); 292 U.S. 341 (1934) ; 298 U.S. 558 (1936); 373 U.S. 546 (1963); 376 U.S. 340 (1964); 383 U.S. 268 (1968); 439 U.S. 419 (1979); 460 U.S. 605 (1983) 466 U.S. 144 (1984); 531 U.S. 1 (2000)
Prior history Original Jurisdiction
Argument Oral argument
Holding
California gets a maximum of 50% up to 4,400,000 acre feet (5.4 km3) of Colorado River water a year or less according to certain formula; Nevada gets 4% and Arizona gets the remainder
Court membership
(1931)
Chief Justice
Charles E. Hughes

(1934 and 1936)
Chief Justice
Charles E. Hughes

(1963 and 1964)
Chief Justice
Earl Warren

(1968)
Chief Justice
Earl Warren

(1979)
Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger

(1983 and 1984)
Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger

(2000)
Chief Justice
William Rehnquist

Arizona v. California is a set of United States Supreme Court cases, all dealing with disputes over water distribution from the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and California. It also covers the amount of water that the State of Nevada receives from the river as well.

When a dispute arises between two states, the case is filed for original jurisdiction with the United States Supreme Court. This is one of the very limited circumstances where the court acts as original jurisdiction; that is, as a trial court. In all other cases the court acts as the highest level appellate court in the United States.

The cases involved were all named Arizona v. California, and were decided in 1931, 1934, 1936, 1963, 1964, 1968, 1979, 1983, 1984, and 2000.

The original decision, 283 U.S. 423 (1931), specified the amount of water to which Arizona was entitled under the Colorado River Compact of 1921.

Since then, the case has been relitigated several times because of Arizona's claims of California using more water than it is entitled.

In summary, as long as at least 7,500,000 acre feet (9.3 km3) of water is available from the Colorado River, California is allocated 4,400,000 acre·ft (5.4 km3); Nevada, 300,000 acre·ft (0.37 km3); and Arizona, the remainder. If more water is available, California is entitled to 50% of the water from the Colorado River, Arizona to 46%, and Nevada to 4%. If less water is available, the Secretary of the Interior must allocate the water according to various formulas (which were the subjects of the court cases) to ensure that each state receives a specified amount, with California receiving an absolute fixed maximum of 4,400,000 acre feet (5.4 km3) per year (376 U.S. 342).[1] Some of the adjustments involved rights of the U.S. Government with respect to supplying water to Indian tribes pursuant to Executive Orders signed by the President of the United States as far back as 1907.

The 1962 oral arguments set a modern record for the Supreme Court: 16 hours over four days.[2]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "(3) In insufficient mainstream water is available for release, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, to satisfy annual consumptive use of 7,500,000 acre-feet in the aforesaid three States, then the Secretary of the Interior... may apportion the amount remaining available... but in no event shall more than 4,400,000 acre-feet be apportioned for use in California..." 376 U.S. 440, 442
  2. ↑ http://www.buffalonews.com/wire-feeds/24-hour-national-news/article780975.ece
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