Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Incumbent
Stéphane Dion
since 4 November 2015
Department of Global Affairs
Style The Honourable
Member of
Appointer Governor General of Canada
Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure
Inaugural holder André Ouellet
Formation 4 November 1993
Website www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca
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The Minister of Foreign Affairs (French: Ministre des Affaires étrangères) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal government's international relations and heads the Department of Global Affairs, though the Minister of International Trade leads on international trade issues. In addition to the Department, the Minister is also the lead in overseeing the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development and the International Development Research Centre.

From 1909 to 1993, the office was called Secretary of State for External Affairs. The first two Secretaries of State for External Affairs, from 1909 until 1912, (Charles Murphy under Sir Wilfrid Laurier and William James Roche under Sir Robert Borden) concurrently served as Secretary of State for Canada. The two portfolios were permanently separated in 1912, and the External Affairs portfolio was then held by the Prime Minister of Canada until 1946.

History

Ministers holding the External Affairs and Foreign Affairs portfolios have sometimes played prominent international roles:

As in Pearson's case (and that of Louis St. Laurent, his predecessor), the portfolio can be a final stepping stone to the Prime Minister's Office. Until 1946, it was customary for the office to be held by the sitting Prime Minister. John Diefenbaker would hold the portfolio on two subsequent occasions.

List of Ministers

Key:

  Historical conservative parties: Liberal-Conservative, Conservative (historical), Unionist, National Liberal and Conservative, Progressive Conservative
No. Portrait Name Term of office Political party Ministry
1 Charles Murphy May 19, 1909 October 6, 1911 Liberal 8 (Laurier)
2 William James Roche October 10, 1911 April 1, 1912 Conservative (historical) 9 (Borden)
3 Robert Borden April 1, 1912 October 11, 1917 Conservative (historical)
October 12, 1917 July 9, 1920 Unionist 10 (Borden)
4 Arthur Meighen
(1st time)		 July 10, 1920 December 29, 1921 National Liberal and Conservative 11 (Meighen)
5 William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1st time)		 December 29, 1921 June 28, 1926 Liberal 12 (King)
(4) Arthur Meighen
(2nd time)		 June 29, 1926 September 25, 1926 Conservative (historical) 13 (Meighen)
(5) William Lyon Mackenzie King
(2nd time)		 September 25, 1926 August 7, 1930 Liberal 14 (King)
6 Richard Bedford Bennett August 7, 1930 October 23, 1935 Conservative (historical) 15 (Bennett)
(5) William Lyon Mackenzie King
(3rd time)		 October 23, 1935 September 3, 1946 Liberal 16 (King)
7 Louis St. Laurent September 4, 1946 September 9, 1948 Liberal
8 Lester B. Pearson September 10, 1948 November 15, 1948 Liberal
November 15, 1948 June 20, 1957 17 (St. Laurent)
9 John Diefenbaker June 21, 1957 September 12, 1957 Progressive Conservative 18 (Diefenbaker)
10 Sidney Earle Smith September 13, 1957 March 17, 1959 Progressive Conservative
– John Diefenbaker
(2nd time; Acting)		 March 19, 1959 June 3, 1959 Progressive Conservative
11 Howard Charles Green June 4, 1959 April 21, 1963 Progressive Conservative
12 Paul Joseph James Martin April 22, 1963 April 20, 1968 Liberal 19 (Pearson)
13 Mitchell Sharp April 20, 1968 August 7, 1974 Liberal 20 (P. E. Trudeau)
14 Allan MacEachen
(1st time)		 August 8, 1974 September 13, 1976 Liberal
15 Don Jamieson September 14, 1976 June 3, 1979 Liberal
16 Flora MacDonald June 4, 1979 March 2, 1980 Progressive Conservative 21 (Clark)
17 Mark MacGuigan March 3, 1980 September 9, 1982 Liberal 22 (P. E. Trudeau)
(14) Allan MacEachen
(2nd time)		 September 10, 1982 June 29, 1984 Liberal
18 Jean Chrétien June 30, 1984 September 16, 1984 Liberal 23 (Turner)
19 Joe Clark September 17, 1984 April 20, 1991 Progressive Conservative 24 (Mulroney)
20 Barbara McDougall April 21, 1991 June 24, 1993 Progressive Conservative
21 Perrin Beatty June 25, 1993 November 3, 1993 Progressive Conservative 25 (Campbell)
No. Portrait Name Term of office Political party Ministry
1 André Ouellet November 4, 1993 January 24, 1996 Liberal 26 (Chrétien)
2 Lloyd Axworthy January 25, 1996 October 16, 2000 Liberal
3 John Manley October 17, 2000 January 15, 2002 Liberal
4 Bill Graham January 15, 2002 December 11, 2003 Liberal
December 12, 2003 July 19, 2004 27 (Martin)
5 Pierre Pettigrew July 20, 2004 February 5, 2006 Liberal
6 Peter MacKay February 6, 2006 August 14, 2007 Conservative 28 (Harper)
7 Maxime Bernier August 14, 2007 May 26, 2008 Conservative
8 David Emerson
(Acting until June 25, 2008)		 May 26, 2008 October 20, 2008 Conservative
9 Lawrence Cannon October 30, 2008 May 18, 2011 Conservative
10 John Baird May 18, 2011 February 3, 2015 Conservative
– Ed Fast
(Acting)		 February 3, 2015 February 9, 2015 Conservative
11 Rob Nicholson February 9, 2015 November 4, 2015 Conservative
12 Stéphane Dion November 4, 2015 Incumbent Liberal 29 (J. Trudeau)

Prior and subsequent diplomatic services

Lester Pearson is the only minister to have been a diplomat prior to their appointment. Pearson entered the Canadian foreign service in 1927 and rose to become Canadian Ambassador to the United States from 1944 to 1946.

Paul Martin, Sr. served as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom after his retirement from active politics. Following his defeat in the 2011 election, Lawrence Cannon has served as Canadian Ambassador to France since 2012. Unlike Pearson, neither were career diplomats.

External links

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