Caproni Ca.114

Caproni Ca.114

Role	Fighter
Manufacturer	Caproni
First flight	1933
Primary user	Peruvian Aviation Corps
Number built	36

The Caproni Ca.114 was a fighter biplane produced in Italy in the early 1930s which was flown operationally in Peru in the 1930s and 1940s.

Design

The Caproni company designed the Ca.114 in 1933 to compete against other designs to provide the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) with a new single-seat fighter. Its airframe was derived from the Caproni Ca.113 trainer, and it was a single-bay biplane with staggered wings of equal span. The fuselage was made of steel tubing covered by detachable metal panels in the forward part of the aircraft and by fabric in the after portion, and the two-spar wooden wings were fabric-covered. The Bristol Mercury IV radial engine was geared, supercharged, rated at 395 kilowatts at 4,000 meters (530 horsepower at 13,125 feet), and drove an adjustable-pitch three-bladed propeller. Armament consisted of two fixed forward-firing 7.7-millimeter machine guns.^[1]

Operational history

After official trials, the Regia Aeronautica rejected the Ca.114 in favour of the Fiat CR.32. Nevertheless, Caproni found a buyer in the Peruvian Aviation Corps, which ordered 12 examples in April 1934. These aircraft were delivered in two batches, the first in late November 1934, and the second in January 1935. These were pressed in service with the 2do Escuadron de Caza [2nd Fighter Squadron], part of Primer Escuadrón de Aviación [First Aviation Squadron] based in the newly created "Teniente Coronel Pedro Ruiz Gallo" in Chiclayo. Only a single loss was recorded by 1939, when the fleet was sent to the Caproni Factory in Lima to receive an overhaul. The heavy exhaust collector ring was discarded and replaced by individual exhaust stacks, which probably did something to improve the aircraft maximum top speed. Additionally, the original red-black scheme was replaced by a silver dope overall finish. Ten remaining aircraft took part, as part of the 42 and 43 Escuadrillas [flights], XXI Escuadrón de Caza [Fighter Squadron] along six more modern North American NA-50 fighters. After the war the Ca.114 were withdrawn from first line and four aircraft employed in training duties from Las Palmas airbase in Lima until late 1944 when they were grounded and, shortly after, scrapped.

Operators

Peru

Cuerpo Aeronáutico del Perú (Peruvian Aviation Corps)

Peruvian Air Force Ca.114 order of battle

1934-1935

2do Escuadron de Caza, I Escuadrón de Aviación (9 machines) Training at Las Palmas, Lima, with 3 airframes as reserve.

1935-1938

2do Escuadrón de Caza, I Escuadrón de Aviación(9 a/c) Teniente Coronel Pedro Ruiz Gallo AB, Chiclayo

Escuela de Aviación Militar "Jorge Chávez", Las Palmas, Lima (3 a/c)

1939-1942

42 & 43 Escuadrillas, XXI Escuadrón de Caza (3 a/c each, increased to 5 a/c each from June 1941) Teniente Coronel Pedro Ruiz Gallo AB, Chiclayo

V Escuadrón de Instrucción (2 Machines) Las Palmas AB, Lima

1942-1944

28 Escuadrón de Instrucción (4 machines) Las Palmas, Lima

Specifications

General characteristics

Crew: 1, pilot
Length: 7.68 m (25 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 10.50 m (34 ft 5 in)
Height: 2.54 m (8 ft 4 in)
Wing area: 25.7 m² (276 ft²)
Empty weight: 1,310 kg (2,888 lb)
Gross weight: 1,660 kg (3,660 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Alfa Romeo license built Bristol Mercury IV, 395 (at 4,000 m) kW (530 (at 13,125 ft) hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 355 km/h (221 mph)
Range: 600 km (373 miles)
Service ceiling: 9,500 m (31,170 ft)
Rate of climb: 12.5 m/s (2,460 ft/min)

Armament

2 × fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) Breda-SAFAT machine guns, modified to fire 7.65 mm ammunition on Peruvian machines

Notes

↑ Green and Swanborough, pp. 107-108.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caproni Ca.114.

Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 235.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 891 Sheet 10.
Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown. New York: SMITHMARK Publishers, 1994. ISBN 0-8317-3939-8.

Aircraft produced by Aeronautica Caproni

Establishments Taliedo	Ca.1 (1910) Ca.1 (1914) Ca.2 Ca.3 Ca.4 Ca.5 Ca.6 Ca.7 Ca.8 Ca.9 Ca.10 Ca.11 Ca.12 Ca.13 Ca.14 Ca.15 Ca.16 Ca.18 Ca.19 Ca.20 Ca.24 Ca.25 Ca.30 Ca.31 Ca.32 Ca.33 Ca.34 Ca.35 Ca.36 Ca.37 Ca.39 Ca.40 Ca.41 Ca.42 Ca.43 Ca.44 Ca.45 Ca.46 Ca.47 Ca.48 Ca.49 Ca.50 Ca.51 Ca.52 Ca.53 Ca.56 Ca.57 Ca.58 Ca.59 Ca.60 Ca.61 Ca.64 Ca.66 Ca.67 Ca.70 Ca.71 Ca.73 Ca.74 Ca.79 Ca.80 Ca.82 Ca.87 Ca.88 Ca.89 Ca.90 Ca.95 Ca.97 Ca.100 Ca.101 Ca.102 Ca.103 Ca.105 Ca.111 Ca.113 Ca.114 Ca.120 Ca.122 Ca.123 Ca.124 Ca.125 Ca.127 Ca.132 Ca.133 Ca.134 Ca.135 Ca.142 Ca.148 Ca.150 Ca.161 Ca.162 Ca.163 Ca.164 Ca.165 Ca.183bis Ca.193

Cantieri Aeronautici Bergamaschi (CAB)	PL.3 PS.1 A.P.1 Ca.135 Ca.301 Ca.305 Ca.306 Ca.307 Ca.308 Ca.308 Borea Ca.309 Ca.310 Ca.311 Ca.312 Ca.313 Ca.314 Ca.316 Ca.325 Ca.331 Ca.335 Ca.355 Ca.380

Caproni Reggiane	Ca.400 Ca.401 Ca.405

Caproni Vizzola	MF 2 F.4 F.5 F.6 F.7 A-10 A-12 A-14 A-15 A-20 A-21 C22 Ventura

Caproni Trento	Trento F-5

Other nominations	Sauro-1 Stipa CH.1 Campini N.1

See also: Giovanni Battista Caproni Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics Agusta

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