Capulus

Capulus Temporal range: 443.8–0.0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Silurian to Recent
Two shells of Capulus ungaricus with the periostracum removed
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Capuloidea
Family:	Capulidae
Genus:	Capulus Montfort, 1810
Type species
Patella ungarica Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Actita Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Unnecessary substitute name for Capulus and Pileopsis) Brocchia Bronn, 1828 Pileopsis Lamarck, 1822 Capulonix Iredale, 1929 Tenpetasus Iredale, 1929

Capulus is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Capulidae, the cap snails.^[1]

Species

Species within the genus Capulus include:

• Capulus californicus Dall, 1900
• Capulus compressus E. A. Smith, 1891
• Capulus corrugatus (extinct/fossil) ^[2]
• Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)
• Capulus devexus (May, 1916)
• Capulus devotus Hedley, 1904
• Capulus elegans (Tapparone Canefri, 1877)
• Capulus fragilis E. A. Smith, 1904
• Capulus huangi S.-I Huang & Y.-F. Huang, 2012
• Capulus incurvus (Gmelin, 1791)^[3]
• Capulus liberatus Pease, 1868
• Capulus novaezelandiae Dell, 1978
• Capulus sericeus J. Burch & R. Burch, 1961
• Capulus simplex Locard, 1898^[4]
• Capulus subcompressus Pelseneer, 1903^[5]
• Capulus ungaricoides (d'Orbigny, 1841)
• Capulus ungaricus (Linnaeus, 1758)^[6]
• Capulus violaceus Angas, 1867

Capulus danieli

Species brought into synonymy

• Capulus badius Dunker, 1882: synonym of Amathina violacea (Angas, 1867)
• Capulus bicarinatus (Pease, 1861a): synonym of Amathina bicarinata Pease, 1861
• Capulus chilensis Dall, 1904: synonym of Capulus ungaricoides (d'Orbigny, 1841)
• Capulus dilatatus A. Adams, 1860-i: synonym of Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)
• Capulus galea Dall, 1889: synonym of Hyalorisia galea (Dall, 1889)
• Capulus galeus [sic]: synonym of Capulus galea Dall, 1889: synonym of Hyalorisia galea (Dall, 1889)
• Capulus hungaricus [sic]: synonym of Capulus ungaricus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Capulus incurvus (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Hipponix incurvus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Capulus intortus (Lamarck, 1822):^[7] synonym of Hipponix incurvus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Capulus japonicus A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)
• Capulus kawamurai Habe, 1992: synonym of Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)
• Capulus lissus E.A. Smith, 1894: synonym of Malluvium lissum (E. A. Smith, 1894)
• Capulus nutatus Hedley, 1908: synonym of Williamia radiata nutata (Hedley, 1908)
• Capulus radiatus M. Sars, 1851: synonym of Piliscus radiatus (Sars M., 1851): synonym of Piliscus commodus (Middendorff, 1851)
• Capulus sagittifer Gould, 1852: synonym of Phenacolepas sagittifer (Gould, 1852)
• Capulus shreevei Conrad, 1869: synonym of Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Capulus spondylicola Habe, 1967: synonym of Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)
• Capulus sycophanta Garrard, 1961: synonym of Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)
• Capulus uncinatus (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Capulus danieli (Crosse, 1858)

According to the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS) the following species names are also in current use ^[8]

• Capulus irregularis E. A. Smith, 1895
• Capulus paleacea Menke

References

1. Capulus Montfort, 1810. Gofas, S. (2009). Capulus Montfort, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137729 on 28 May 2012.
2. Ludvigsen, Rolf & Beard, Graham. 1997. West Coast Fossils: A Guide to the Ancient Life of Vancouver Island. pg. 112
3. Capulus incurvus (Gmelin, 1791).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 June 2010.
4. Capulus simplex Locard, 1898.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 June 2010.
5. Capulus subcompressus Pelseneer, 1903.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 June 2010.
6. Capulus ungaricus (Linnaeus, 1758).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 June 2010.
7. Capulus intortus (Lamarck, 1822).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 June 2010.
8. OBIS : Capulus

• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Beu A.G. (2004) Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 1: Revised generic positions and recognition of warm-water and cool-water migrants. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 34(2): 111-265. page(s): 192
• Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

External links