Castle of Penas Róias
The Castle of Penas Róias (Portuguese: Castelo de Penas Róias) is a Portuguese medieval castle in the civil parish of Penas Róias, municipality of Mogadouro, in the Portuguese of district of Bragança.
The castle is a grand castle that stood upon a hill. From the castle walls, one can see other castles such as the Braganza Vimioso Castle, Castle of Miranda do Douro, the Castle of Rebordãos and the Castle of Outeiro.
| Castle of Penas Róias | |
|---|---|
| Castelo de Penas Róias | |
.jpg) | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Penas Róias, Mogadouro municipality, Bragança district |
| Country | Portugal |
| Coordinates | 41.392233, -6.65415 |
| Construction started | 1166 |
History
Early History
Little is known about early human occupation of the region. Archaeological evidence point to a proto-historical occupation of the site. When the Romans invaded the Iberian Peninsula, the site had been abandoned.
Medieval Era
During the midst of the Christian Reconquest, the region was conquered by the kingdom of Leon.
With the assertion of the independence of the Kingdom of Portugal by Afonso I of Portugal. To this end, Afonso Henriques (1112-1185) has delegated to the Order of the Knights Templar for the task of strengthening access to south and east of the river Mondego.
The domain Roias Feathers were donated in 1145, to the Order of Avis. This time coincides with archaeological evidence of their occupation in the twelfth century.
1166 is traditionally claimed as the start year of the construction of the castle, although the inscription on the Donjon has quite deteriorated. It can, however, be read dating to 1172 or 1181. During the reign of Sancho I (1185-1211), efforts were undertaken to repopulate the village, which soon enough became the county seat. During this time, the Order of Avis moved their efforts more south to Beira Baiza, having received the domains of Idanha-a-Velha and Monsanto. Under the reign of King Afonso III (1248-1279), the village is referred to the inquiries of 1258, and received a new Foral Charter in 1272. It was also renewed the following year in 1273. King Dinis of Portugal transferred the domain of Rojas Penas to the Order of Christ in 1319. It is believed that reconstruction efforts and strengthened during this time.
The castle and the village were recorded in the iconography of Duarte de Armas (Book of Fortresses, c. 1509) as having extensive walls. During the mean time, King Manuel I (1495-1521) awarded the village a new Foral Charter in 1521.
20th century and the modern day
Over the years, the castle was slowly fell out of use and left untouched. Due to the centuries of neglect, the castle slowly decayed due to the onslaught of the weather. By the 20th century, the majority of the castle site plan was in ruins.
The castle is classified as National Monument by Decree published on 20 March 1945.[1][2]
The Portuguese national government intervened between 1977 to 1978 by initiating works of reconstruction and the reparation of walls and the Keep. The old Templar castle is mostly in ruin with the exception of a tower and the old medieval walls and turrets.
Characteristics
The castle and its neighboring village was built with the Romanesque style, its walls reinforced by four turrets.
The site plan is extensive. At the center of the main square stands the main tower of the quadrangular tower in a simple manner. In the south a d east walls, the walls are covered in windows.
The west corner has a 6 meter high door that originally led to a wooden staircase. Internally, the tower is divided into three floors. The tower is a small circular tower with a base. It once had a massive walled fence.[3]
References
- ↑ "DGPC | Direção Geral do Património Cultural". www.patrimoniocultural.pt. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "DGPC | Pesquisa Geral". www.patrimoniocultural.pt. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Monumentos". www.monumentos.pt. Retrieved 2016-03-15.