Castle of Alcantarilha

Castle of Alcantarilha (Castelo de Alcantarilha)
Walls of Alcantarilha
castle (Castelo)
Official name: Castelo de Alcantarilha/Muralhas de Alcantarilha
Named for: the civil parish of Alcantarilha
Country  Portugal
Region Algarve
Subregion Algarve
District Faro
Municipality Silves
Location Alcantarilha
 - elevation 26 m (85 ft)
 - coordinates PT 37°7′48.09″N 8°20′42.95″W / 37.1300250°N 8.3452639°W / 37.1300250; -8.3452639Coordinates: PT 37°7′48.09″N 8°20′42.95″W / 37.1300250°N 8.3452639°W / 37.1300250; -8.3452639
Length 12 m (39 ft), Northwest-Southeast
Width 12 m (39 ft), Southwest-Northeast
Height 4.5 m (15 ft)
Architects unknown
Style Medieval
Material Limestone
Initiated 198 A.D.
Owner Portuguese Republic
For public Public
Easiest access Travessa do Castelo, Largo General Humberto Delgado
Management Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico
Operator Câmara Municipal de Silves
Status Property of Public Interest
Imóvel de Interesse Público
Listing Decree No. 129/77; DR226, 29 September 1977

The Castle of Alcantarilha is a medieval fortress and its remnant walls in Portugal, in the civil parish of Alcantarilha, municipality of Silves, in the Portuguese Algarve region of southwestern Iberia. It is a little-known monument, now in ruins, used for the protection of the people of the village and surrounding area from attacks by north African pirates.

History

The ancient fortification had its base in a Lusitanian castro settlement, that likely existed between the Neolithic to Chalcolithic transition.[1][2] It was conquered by the Romans, in 198 AD, and transformed into a military base that was served by the ports of Armação and Pera.[1]

During its occupation by north African Arabs in the 12th century, the ancient stone walls were constructed, allowing the protection of the space until the 13th century.[1][2] It is likely that the civil parish/village first received its name from the Arabic "al-qantarâ", named from a local bridge, on the road between two of the more prestigious provinces of Al-Andalus (Faro and Silves).[2] The castle was conquered from the Moors by D. Paio Peres Correia, during the reign of Afonso III of Portugal, who sought to command the area by re-building the castle walls.[1][2]

The walls were strengthened and remodelled during the 16th century, under King Sebastian of Portugal, who controversially resulted in the dis-figuration of the Muslim castle.[1][2] In 1573, when the monarch passed through the locality, he was determined to improve the redoubt, whose strategic importance continued during this epoch: it was seen as a bastion to maritime attacks and guarded areas that could be used as eventual disembarkation points.[2]

Although, there were reports that the structure sustained major damages following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake there were no documented resources that confirm the extent of these damages. Yet, it is clear that its decline began after this period.[2]

It was similarly restored after the Portuguese Restoration Wars in order to defend the region from Spanish attacks.[1]

Architecture

The original structure of the Castle, its formal layout and extent are still unclear, owing to its destruction and degradation. Many of the typical features of the medieval castle are missing, including towers, doors and complimentary systems of defence.[2] The ovular layout of the streets of Alcantarilha presuppose a Gothic layout to the structure, that may have occurred following the invasions of King Afonso III of Portugal.[2]

The castle consists of little more than a 12-metre (39 ft) limestone wall to a height of 4.5 m (15 ft). A simple door in the southeast and a rectangular window-like slit (four metres above the surface) in the northwest are the only vestiges of the battlements.[1] Another segment of the wall is addorsed to the northwest corner of a courtyard of a two-storey residential building, while to the southeast, in the local market, there are wedges of masonry painted yellow and clinched into the eaves and gabled roof.[1]

Look up addorsed in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The castle continues to wait for formal archaeological investigations within the village in order to determine the extent of artefacts and vestiges of this structure.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Viegas, Patrícia (2000). SIPA, ed. "Castelo de Alcantarilha/Muralhas de Alcantarilha" (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IGESPAR, ed. (2011), Castelo de Alcantarilha (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR - Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico, retrieved 7 November 2011
Sources
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