Catalan verbs

This article discusses the conjugation of verbs in a number of varieties of the Catalan language, including Old Catalan. Each verbal form is accompanied by its phonetic transcription. Widely used dialectal forms are included here, even if they are not considered standard in either of the written norms, namely that of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (mostly based on central Catalan) and that of the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (mostly based on common Valencian).

Other dialectal forms do exist, among them characteristic forms of minor extreme dialects such as Ribagorçan and Algherese or transitional forms between major dialects, such as the ones used in the lower Ebro basin area around Tortosa and in the Empordà, but they are not (yet) treated in this article.

The Catalan verb system in context

The Catalan verb system has grammatical categories quite alike those from neighbouring Romance languages such as Spanish, Occitan, French, and Italian.

The formal similarities with Occitan are most noticeable. There is a visible divergence between Catalan and Occitan in the Catalan endings for the second-person plural, with -au, -eu, -iu instead of the Occitan -atz, -etz, -itz. There are remarkable coincidences with Occitan in the evolution of new paradigms formed on the inchoative augment in the third conjugation (-ir) verbs and on the velar augment in the second conjugation (-re, -er) verbs.

The most particular feature of Catalan is the so-called periphrastic preterite for referring to the remote past, which is constructed with characteristic forms of present of the verb anar (to go) and the infinitive of the conjugated verb (e.g. vaig parlar, vas/vares parlar, va parlar, vam/vàrem parlar, vau/vàreu parlar, van/varen parlar). This tense is rare among Romance languages, only shared with some Gascon and Aragonese (Benasque, Gistaín) dialects, and it seems to have existed in Catalan since at least the 13th century.

In contemporary Catalan, the simple preterite indicative (the synthetic one descending from the Latin perfect indicative) is mostly used in writing, and it has been almost replaced by the periphrastic preterite in regular speech, but the simple preterite indicative is still indeed used in some dialects, such as central Valencian and the Catalan of Ibiza.

Another difference between contemporary Catalan and Medieval Catalan is the shift in simple preterite indicative endings from an etymological pattern to a new one based by analogy on the third-person plural; that is: from such medieval endings as -é, -ast, -à, -am, -às, and -aren to such modern ones as -í, -ares, -à, -àrem, -àreu, and -aren. This change took place sometime between the 13th and 15th centuries.

Modern Valencian first conjugation verbs have the past subjunctive endings -ara, -ares, -ara, -àrem, -àreu, -aren (from the Latin subjunctive imperfect preterite) instead of the medieval -às, -asses, -às, -àssem, -àsseu, -assen (from the Latin subjunctive perfect preterite), which have given rise to -és, -essis, -és, -éssim, -éssiu, -essin, as seen in modern central Catalan.

Synopsis

Finite forms

These tables below summarise part of the inflected forms:

2nd person singular informal forms of cantar ("to sing")

Mood	Tense		Simple	Composite
Indicative	Present		cantes	has cantat
	Past	Imperfect	cantaves	havies cantat
		Perfect	cantares	hagueres cantat
		Periphrastic perfect	vas cantar vares cantar	vas haver cantat vares haver cantat
	Future		cantaràs	hauràs cantat
	Conditional		cantaries	hauries cantat
Subjunctive	Present		cantis	hagis cantat
	Past		cantéssis	haguéssis cantat
Imperative			canta	—

Finite Catalan verb forms are divided between the imperfective and perfective aspects.

Regular Catalan verbs have these range of simple imperfective tenses:

• Simple present (present d'indicatiu), e.g. parlo ("I speak, I'm speaking")
• Imperfect preterite (pretèrit imperfet d'indicatiu), e.g. parlava ("I spoke, I was speaking")
• Simple future (futur simple), e.g. parlaré ("I will speak, I will be speaking")
• Simple conditional (condicional simple), e.g. parlaria ("I would speak, I would be speaking")
• Subjunctive simple present (present de subjuntiu), e.g. parli ("that I speak, me to speak")
• Subjunctive simple preterite (pretèrit imperfet de subjuntiu), e.g. parlés ("that I spoke")

Tenses in the subjunctive mood usually imply syntactic dependence on a subordinate clause and might express diverse degrees of uncertainty or supposition.

Regular Catalan verbs have the following perfective tenses (formed with the auxiliary verb haver and the past participle of the conjugated verb), which correspond with the ones listed above:

• Indefinite preterite (pretèrit indefinit) (recent past, analogous to the English present perfect), e.g. he parlat ("I have spoken")
• Pluperfect (pretèrit plusquamperfet d'indicatiu) (analogous to the English past perfect), e.g. havia parlat ("I had spoken")
• Future perfect (futur compost), e.g. hauré parlat ("I will have spoken")
• Past conditional (condicional compost), e.g. hauria parlat ("I would have spoken")
• Subjunctive preterite perfect (pretèrit perfet de subjuntiu), e.g. hagi parlat ("that I have spoken, me to have spoken")
• Subjunctive pluperfect (pretèrit plusquamperfet de subjuntiu), e.g. hagués parlat ("that I had spoken, me to had spoken")

Moreover, among the perfective tenses in the indicative mood, there are the two different remote past forms (analogous to the English simple past). The most commonly used one is the periphrastic preterite (pretèrit perfet perifràstic), which is a compound tense formed with conjugations from a special present indicative paradigm of anar ("go") used exclusively in the formation of this tense followed by the infinitive of the conjugated verb, e.g. vaig parlar ("I spoke"), vas parlar or vares parlar ("you (singular informal) spoke"). This special paradigm of anar uniformly makes use of the stem va- and can also make use of the affix -re- from the corresponding synthetic preterite forms in the first and third person plural as well as the second person; thus vau/vàreu and vam/vàrem are used in the formation of the periphrastic past rather than the regular aneu and anem.

The other tense that expresses the remote past is the simple preterite (pretèrit perfet simple), nowadays almost only used in writing, e.g. parlí ("I spoke"), parlares ("you (singular informal) spoke").

Finally, there is the imperative present (present d'imperatiu) that has only two forms and exists outside of the imperfective–perfective contrast: one for second person singular and one for second person plural, e.g. parla! ("(you singular) speak!"), parleu! ("(you plural) speak!"). For other persons, the forms of the subjunctive present are used, e.g. parli! ("let him/her speak!"), parlem! ("let us speak!"), parlin! ("let them speak!"). The imperative is only used for positive commands; negative commands use the forms of present subjunctive preceded by no, e.g. no parlis! ("don't (you) (singular informal) speak!"), no parlem! ("let us not speak!"), no parleu! ("don't (you) (plural) speak!"), etc.

Some notes on usage of tenses:

The differences in meaning and usage distribution of the Catalan recent past (indefinite preterite or present perfect) and remote past (periphrastic past and synthetic preterite) are similar to those of the British English present perfect and simple past. Using the recent past implies action was performed sometime in the past, completed during the period of the enunciation and its effects are still present while using the remote past implies action was performed in some past period and that its effects are not present anymore.

Therefore, the recent past can be used to refer an action performed on the same day of utterance, to the current period referred (e.g. this week, this year, etc.), or to sometime with effect in the present.

The remote past may be used to refer an action not performed on the same day of utterance or to one performed during a specific current period (e.g. this week, this year etc.) or some other time long ago.

For example, one might say aquest matí he parlat amb el metge ("this morning, I have spoken with the doctor") or he parlat amb un metge de la vista ("I have spoken with an ophthalmologist", it may or may not have happened today, and what the ophthalmologist said in still in effect). Though, one must say ahir vaig parlar amb el metge ("yesterday I spoke with the doctor") or vaig parlar amb un metge de la vista ("I spoke with an ophthalmologist", certainly not today, and presumably what the ophthalmologist said is not relevant now).

In conditional clauses, verb tenses are used normally in these pairs:

• Subordinate clause with subjunctive perfect preterite and main clause with perfect conditional to express an already past condition that did not become true, e.g. si hagués arribat abans, l'hauria trobat a casa ("if I had arrived earlier, I would have met him at home")
• Subordinate clause with subjunctive imperfect preterite and main clause with simple conditional to express an irreal or imagined condition in either the present or the future, e.g. si l'estimés no se n'aniria ("if he loved her, he would not leave")
• Subordinate clause with indicative present and main clause with simple future to express a possible condition in either the present or the future, e.g. si fas bondat, anirem al parc ("if you behave, we will go to the park")

Though, other tense combination are possible as well, e.g. si heu vist el que ha passat, ens ho heu d'explicar ("if you have seen what has happened, you must tell us").

Temporary and relative subordinate clauses are formed genuinely in the future tense e.g. quan vindràs, en parlarem ("when you will come, we will speak about it"), els qui vindran d'hora podran seure ("those arriving early will be able to sit"); though, in the contemporary language, the present subjunctive is used as well, quan vinguis ... ("when you come ..."), els qui vinguin ... ("those who come ...").

Non-finite forms

Catalan verbs have three non-finite forms: an infinitive, a gerund, and a past participle.

Non-finite Catalan verb forms for cantar ("to sing")

	Simple	Composite
Infinitive	cantar	haver cantat
Gerund	cantant	havent cantat
Participle	cantat	—

The infinitive is a verbal noun and always invariable; it is used with characteristic present indicative forms of the verb anar (to go) to form the periphrastic preterite, e.g. vaig parlar ("I spoke").

The gerund is a verbal adverb and is always invariable; it is used to form non-finite adjunct adverbial clauses of time or manner, roughly corresponding to the present participle in English.

The past participle is a verbal adjective and may inflect for gender and number in certain constructions; it is used with the auxiliary haver ("to have") to form the perfect tenses of the simple tenses, e.g. simple present parlo ("I speak, I'm speaking") in relation to present perfect he parlat ("I've spoken"), etc.

In the compound perfect tenses of transitive verbs (those having a direct object), a past participle may inflect to match gender and number of the object if it is substituted by a weak object pronoun e.g. he vist les vaques ("I have seen the cows"), but les he vistes ("I have seen them"), switching it to feminine plural.

In ancient Catalan and in some modern varieties, the compound perfect tenses of intransitive verbs (those not having a direct object) can be also formed with the auxiliary ser ("to be") and the past participle inflected for gender and number of the subject, e.g. som arribats ("we have arrived"), switching to masculine plural, whereas the typical contemporary construction is hem arribat, with an invariable participle. This construction is not used anymore and nowadays only remains in a few fossilized forms, e.g. és mort/és morta ("he's dead/she's dead").

Other periphrastic finite forms

Infinitives can be used to make the periphrastic near future with the present of verb anar (to go) plus the preposition a ("to"), analogous to the English near future with "be going to +ING", e.g. vaig a parlar ("I am going to speak"). This near future is not listed in traditional paradigms and is not used as much as it is in Spanish or French, because it is more likely to be confused with the Catalan periphrastic past in Catalan.

They can also be used to make periphrastic forms with a range of modal verbs e.g. puc parlar ("I can speak"), he/haig de parlar ("I must/have to speak"), necessito parlar ("I need to speak"), vull parlar ("I want to speak"), solia parlar ("I used to speak"), etc. Those forms are not listed in traditional paradigms either.

Gerunds can be used to make periphrastic forms that are analogous to the continuous tenses in English, e.g. estic parlant ("I'm speaking"), estava parlant ("I was speaking"), estaré parlant ("I will be speaking"), etc. Those forms are also not listed in traditional paradigms.

Past participles are also used with the auxiliary ser ("to be") to form the passive forms for all active tenses of transitive verbs, e.g. active present veig ("I see, I'm seeing") in relation to passive present sóc vist ("I'm seen, I'm being seen"), recent past he vist ("I've seen") in relation to passive recent past he estat vist ("I've been seen"), etc.

Catalan uses the passive voice much more scarcely than English since it has other preferred syntactic alternatives, so for example, instead of la vaca ha estat vista ("the cow has been seen"), other constructions could be used, such as changing word order and using a redundant weak pronoun to mark object case, e.g. la vaca, l'han vista ("the cow, (they) have seen it"), using the third-person reflexive weak pronoun es, e.g. s'ha vist la vaca (literally "the cow has seen itself"), using the pronoun hom ("one"/"someone"), e.g. hom ha vist la vaca ("one has seen the cow"), or even using an elliptic plural subject, e.g. han vist la vaca ("(they, ones) have seen the cow").

1st conjugation (-ar) verbs

This is the group to which most Catalan verbs (approximately 86% of verbs in the dictionary). Examples include estimar ("to love"), esperar ("to wait" and "to hope"), menjar ("to eat") and pensar ("to think"). This is the only open verb class; that is, new verbs incorporated into the language are likely to follow this regular conjugation model. The only irregular verbs in this class are the idiosyncratic anar ("to go", listed below) and estar ("to be, to stay"), which often act as auxiliary verbs.

parlar ("to speak")

	Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
	parlar [pəɾˈɫə]	parlar [pəɾˈɫə]	parlar [pəɾˈɫa]	parlar [paɾˈɫa]	parlar [paɾˈlar]	parlar [paɾˈɫar]
Past participle
	parlat [pəɾˈɫat] parlada [pəɾˈɫaðə]	parlat [pəɾˈɫat] parlada [pəɾˈɫaðə]	parlat [pəɾˈɫat] parlada [pəɾˈɫaðə]	parlat [paɾˈɫat] parlada [paɾˈɫaðɛ][note 1]	parlat [paɾˈlat] parlada [paɾˈlaɛ][note 1][note 2]	parlat [paɾˈɫat] parlada [paɾˈɫaða]
Gerund
	parlant [pəɾˈɫan]	parlant [pəɾˈɫant]	parlant [pəɾˈɫan]	parlant [paɾˈɫan]	parlant [paɾˈlant]	parlant [paɾˈɫant]
Imperative
tu[note 3] nosaltres vosaltres	parla! [ˈpaɾɫə] parlem! [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu! [pəɾˈɫɛw]	parla! [ˈpaɾɫə] parlem! [pəɾˈɫəm] parlau! [pəɾˈɫaw]<ref group=note name="[note 4]	parla! [ˈpaɾɫə] parlem! [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu! [pəɾˈɫɛw]	parla! [ˈpaɾɫa] parlem! [paɾˈɫɛm] parleu! [paɾˈɫɛw]	parla! [ˈpaɾla] parlem! [paɾˈlɛm] parleu! [paɾˈlɛw]	parla! [ˈpaɾɫa] parlem! [paɾˈɫɛm] parlau! [paɾˈɫaw]<ref group=note name="[note 4]
Present indicative
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	parli [ˈpaɾɫi][note 5] parles [ˈpaɾɫəs] parla [ˈpaɾɫə] parlem [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu [pəɾˈɫɛw] parlen [ˈpaɾɫən]	parl [ˈpaɾɫ][note 6] parles [ˈpaɾɫəs] parla [ˈpaɾɫə] parlam [pəɾˈɫam][note 4] parlau [pəɾˈɫaw][note 4] parlen [ˈpaɾɫən]	parlo [ˈpaɾɫu] parles [ˈpaɾɫəs] parla [ˈpaɾɫə] parlem [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu [pəɾˈɫɛw] parlen [ˈpaɾɫən]	parlo [ˈpaɾɫo] parles [ˈpaɾɫes] parla [ˈpaɾɫɛ][note 7] parlem [paɾˈɫɛm] parleu [paɾˈɫɛw] parlen [ˈpaɾɫen]	parle [ˈpaɾle][note 8] parles [ˈpaɾles] parla [ˈpaɾla] parlem [paɾˈlɛm] parleu [paɾˈlɛw] parlen [ˈpaɾlen]	parl [ˈpaɾɫ] / parle [ˈpaɾɫe][note 6] parles [ˈpaɾɫes] parla [ˈpaɾɫa] parlam [paɾˈɫam][note 4] parlau [paɾˈɫaw][note 4] parlen [ˈpaɾɫen]
Imperfect indicative
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	parlavi [pəɾˈɫaβi][note 5] parlaves [pəɾˈɫaβəs] parlava [pəɾˈɫaβə] parlàvem [pəɾˈɫaβəm] parlàveu [pəɾˈɫaβəw] parlaven [pəɾˈɫaβən]	parlava [pəɾˈɫavə] parlaves [pəɾˈɫavəs] parlava [pəɾˈɫavə] parlàvem [pəɾˈɫavəm] parlàveu [pəɾˈɫavəw] parlaven [pəɾˈɫavən]	parlava [pəɾˈɫaβə] parlaves [pəɾˈɫaβəs] parlava [pəɾˈɫaβə] parlàvem [pəɾˈɫaβəm] parlàveu [pəɾˈɫaβəw] parlaven [pəɾˈɫaβən]	parlava [paɾˈɫaβa] parlaves [paɾˈɫaβes] parlava [paɾˈɫaβɛ][note 7] parlàvem [paɾˈɫaβem] parlàveu [paɾˈɫaβew] parlaven [paɾˈɫaβen]	parlava [paɾˈlava] parlaves [paɾˈlaves] parlava [paɾˈlava] parlàvem [paɾˈlavem] parlàveu [paɾˈlavew] parlaven [paɾˈlaven]	parlava [paɾˈɫava] parlaves [paɾˈɫaves] parlava [paɾˈɫava] parlàvem [paɾˈɫavɛm] parlàveu [paɾˈɫavɛw] parlaven [paɾˈɫaven]
Preterite indicative[note 9]
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	vai parlar [ˌbaj pəɾˈɫa] vas parlar [ˌbas pəɾˈɫa] va parlar [ˌba pəɾˈɫa] vem parlar [ˌbɛm pəɾˈɫa] veu parlar [ˌbɛw pəɾˈɫa] van parlar [ˌbam pəɾˈɫa]	vaig parlar [ˌvatʃ pəɾˈɫa] vas parlar [ˌvas pəɾˈɫa] va parlar [ˌva pəɾˈɫa] vam parlar [ˌvam pəɾˈɫa] vau parlar [ˌvaw pəɾˈɫa] van parlar [ˌvam pəɾˈɫa]	vaig parlar [ˌbatʃ pəɾˈɫa] vas parlar [ˌbas pəɾˈɫa] va parlar [ˌba pəɾˈɫa] vem parlar [ˌbɛm pəɾˈɫa] veu parlar [ˌbɛw pəɾˈɫa] van parlar [ˌbam pəɾˈɫa]	vai parlar [ˌbaj paɾˈɫa] vas parlar [ˌbas paɾˈɫa] va parlar [ˌba paɾˈɫa] vam parlar [ˌbam paɾˈɫa] vau parlar [ˌbaw paɾˈɫa] van parlar [ˌbam paɾˈɫa]	vaig parlar [ˌvatʃ paɾˈla] / parlí [paɾˈli] vas parlar [ˌvas paɾˈla] / parlares [paɾˈlaɾes] va parlar [ˌva paɾˈla] / parlà [paɾˈla] vam parlar [ˌvam paɾˈla] / parlàrem [paɾˈlaɾem] vau parlar [ˌvaw paɾˈla] / parlàreu [paɾˈlaɾew] van parlar [ˌvam paɾˈla] / parlaren [paɾˈlaɾen]	parlé [paɾˈɫe] / parlai [paɾˈɫaj] parlast [paɾˈɫast] parlà [paɾˈɫə] parlam [paɾˈɫam] parlàs [paɾˈɫas] parlaren [paɾˈɫaɾen]
Future indicative
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	parlaré [pəɾɫəˈɾe] parlaràs [pəɾɫəˈɾas] parlarà [pəɾɫəˈɾa] parlarem [pəɾɫəˈɾɛm] parlareu [pəɾɫəˈɾɛw] parlaran [pəɾɫəˈɾan]	parlaré [pəɾɫəˈɾe] parlaràs [pəɾɫəˈɾas] parlarà [pəɾɫəˈɾa] parlarem [pəɾɫəˈɾəm] parlareu [pəɾɫəˈɾəw] parlaran [pəɾɫəˈɾan]	parlaré [pəɾɫəˈɾe] parlaràs [pəɾɫəˈɾas] parlarà [pəɾɫəˈɾa] parlarem [pəɾɫəˈɾɛm] parlareu [pəɾɫəˈɾɛw] parlaran [pəɾɫəˈɾan]	parlaré [paɾɫaˈɾe] parlaràs [paɾɫaˈɾas] parlarà [paɾɫaˈɾa] parlarem [paɾɫaˈɾɛm] parlareu [paɾɫaˈɾɛw] parlaran [paɾɫaˈɾan]	parlaré [paɾlaˈɾe] parlaràs [paɾlaˈɾas] parlarà [paɾlaˈɾa] parlarem [paɾlaˈɾɛm] parlareu [paɾlaˈɾɛw] parlaran [paɾlaˈɾan]	parlaré [paɾɫaˈɾe] parlaràs [paɾɫaˈɾas] parlarà [paɾɫaˈɾa] parlarem [paɾɫaˈɾɛm] parlareu [paɾɫaˈɾɛw] parlaran [paɾɫaˈɾan]
Conditional
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	parlariï [pəɾɫəˈɾii][note 5] parlaries [pəɾɫəˈɾiəs] parlaria [pəɾɫəˈɾiə] parlaríem [pəɾɫəˈɾiəm] parlaríeu [pəɾɫəˈɾiəw] parlarien [pəɾɫəˈɾiən]	parlaria [pəɾɫəˈɾiə] parlaries [pəɾɫəˈɾiəs] parlaria [pəɾɫəˈɾiə] parlaríem [pəɾɫəˈɾiəm] parlaríeu [pəɾɫəˈɾiəw] parlarien [pəɾɫəˈɾiən]	parlaria [pəɾɫəˈɾiə] parlaries [pəɾɫəˈɾiəs] parlaria [pəɾɫəˈɾiə] parlaríem [pəɾɫəˈɾiəm] parlaríeu [pəɾɫəˈɾiəw] parlarien [pəɾɫəˈɾiən]	parlaria [paɾɫaˈɾia] parlaries [paɾɫaˈɾies] parlaria [paɾɫaˈɾiɛ][note 7] parlaríem [paɾɫaˈɾiem] parlaríeu [paɾɫaˈɾiew] parlarien [paɾɫaˈɾien]	parlaria [paɾlaˈɾia] parlaries [paɾlaˈɾies] parlaria [paɾlaˈɾia] parlaríem [paɾlaˈɾiem] parlaríeu [paɾlaˈɾiew] parlarien [paɾlaˈɾien]	parlaria [paɾɫaˈɾia] parlaries [paɾɫaˈɾies] parlaria [paɾɫaˈɾia] parlaríem [paɾɫaˈɾiɛm] parlaríeu [paɾɫaˈɾiɛw] parlarien [paɾɫaˈɾien]
Present subjunctive
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	parli [ˈpaɾɫi][note 10] parlis [ˈpaɾɫis] parli [ˈpaɾɫi] parlem [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu [pəɾˈɫɛw] parlin [ˈpaɾɫin]	parli [ˈpaɾɫi][note 10] parlis [ˈpaɾɫis] parli [ˈpaɾɫi] parlem [pəɾˈɫəm] parleu [pəɾˈɫəw] parlin [ˈpaɾɫin]	parli [ˈpaɾɫi][note 10] parlis [ˈpaɾɫis] parli [ˈpaɾɫi] parlem [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu [pəɾˈɫɛw] parlin [ˈpaɾɫin]	parlo [ˈpaɾɫo][note 11] parlos [ˈpaɾɫos] parlo [ˈpaɾɫo] parlem [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu [pəɾˈɫɛw] parlon [ˈpaɾɫon]	parle [ˈpaɾle][note 12] parles [ˈpaɾles] parle [ˈpaɾle] parlem [pəɾˈɫɛm] parleu [pəɾˈɫɛw] parlen [ˈpaɾlen]	parle [ˈpaɾle][note 12] parles [ˈpaɾles] parle [ˈpaɾle] parlem [paɾˈlɛm] parleu [paɾˈlɛw] parlen [ˈpaɾlen]
Past subjunctive
jo[note 3] tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles	parlessi [pəɾˈɫesi][note 5] parlessis [pəɾˈɫesis] parlés [pəɾˈɫes] parléssim [pəɾˈɫesim] parléssiu [pəɾˈɫesiw] parlessin [pəɾˈɫesin]	parlàs [pəɾˈɫas][note 4] parlassis [pəɾˈɫasis] parlàs [pəɾˈɫas] parlàssim [pəɾˈɫasim] parlàssiu [pəɾˈɫasiw] parlassin [pəɾˈɫasin]	parlés [pəɾˈɫes] parlessis [pəɾˈɫesis] parlés [pəɾˈɫes] parléssim [pəɾˈɫesim] parléssiu [pəɾˈɫesiw] parlessin [pəɾˈɫesin]	parlessa [paɾˈɫesa] parlesses [paɾˈɫeses] parlés [paɾˈɫes] parléssom [paɾˈɫesom] parléssou [paɾˈɫesow] parlessen [paɾˈɫesen]	parlara [paɾˈlaɾa] [note 13] parlares [paɾˈlaɾes] parlara [paɾˈlaɾa] parlàrem [paɾˈlaɾem] parlàreu [paɾˈlaɾew] parlaren [paɾˈlaɾen]	parlàs [paɾˈɫas][note 4] parlasses [paɾˈɫases] parlàs [paɾˈɫas] parlàssem [paɾˈɫasɛw] parlàsseu [paɾˈɫasɛm] parlassen [paɾˈɫasen]

2nd conjugation (-re, -er) verbs

This is the third-largest group of verbs in the Catalan language (approximately 4% of verbs in the dictionary). It includes most of the irregular verbs, which are the most frequently used as well, as ser ("to be", listed below), haver ("to have", listed below), fer ("to do", listed below), veure ("to see"), poder ("can"), voler ("to want"), caldre ("must"), etc., and also the two idiosyncratic and irregular verbs dir ("to say") and dur ("to take/get"), both listed below.

In verbs with infinitive ending in -re, the letter immediately before -re is always a consonant (one of b, d, p, t) or a consonantal u. Examples include beure ("to drink"), caure ("to fall"), coure ("to cook"),deure ("to owe", also modal "might"), fotre ("fuck"), jeure ("to lay down"), perdre ("to lose"), rebre ("to receive"), rompre ("break"), valdre ("to be worth"), vendre ("to sell"), or viure ("to live").

Diachronical notes:

• The final consonantal u in infinitive roots of this verb class is a characteristic Catalan evolution of several consonantal clusters from Vulgar Latin proparoxytone infinitives, e.g CÁDERE > *cad're > caure, DÉBERE > *dev're > deure, VÍVERE > *viv're > viure, CÓQUERE > *cog're > coure, etc.
• The clusters -ldr-, -ndr- in infinitive roots of this verb class have an epenthetic d as the result of the evolution of consonantal clusters from vulgar Latin proparoxytone infinitives, e.g VÁLERE > *val're > valdre, VÉNDERE > *ven're > vendre, etc.

If the root consonant in the infinitive is a b, then the third person singular of indicative present will be spelt with a p instead, consequently, rebre will give rep.

There is a significative group of verbs in this group that present a suppletive root with the so-called velar augment (that is, adding -g- [ɣ] or -c [k] to the basic root) in some particular forms (most frequently, but not always: past participle, 1st person of indicative present, and all forms of indicative preterite, subjunctive present and subjunctive preterite), e.g. valdre gives valgut, valc, valguí, valgui, valgués; voler gives volgut, vull or vullc, volguí, vulgui, volgués; etc.

batre ("to beat", "to shake")

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
batre [ˈbatɾə]	batre [ˈbatɾə]	batre [ˈbatɾə]	batre [ˈbatɾe]	batre [ˈbatɾe]	batre [ˈbatɾe]
Past Participle
batut [bəˈtut] batuda [bəˈtuðə]	batut [bəˈtut] batuda [bəˈtuðə]	batut [bəˈtut] batuda [bəˈtuðə]	batut [baˈtut] batuda [baˈtuðɛ][note 1]	batut [baˈtut] batuda [baˈtuɛ][note 1][note 2]	batut [baˈtut] batuda [baˈtuða]
Gerund
batent [bəˈten]	batent [bəˈtent]	batent [bəˈten]	batent [baˈten]	batent [baˈtent]	batent [baˈtent]
Imperative
bat! [ˈbat] batem! [bəˈtɛm] bateu! [bəˈtɛw]	bat! [ˈbat] batem! [bəˈtəm] bateu! [bəˈtəw]	bat! [ˈbat] batem! [bəˈtɛm] bateu! [bəˈtɛw]	bat! [ˈbat] batem! [baˈtɛm] bateu! [baˈtɛw]	bat! [ˈbat] batem! [baˈtɛm] bateu! [baˈtɛw]	bat! [ˈbat] batem! [baˈtɛm] bateu! [baˈtɛw]
Present indicative
bati[note 5] bates bat batem bateu baten	bat[note 6] bats bat batem bateu baten	bato bats bat batem bateu baten	bato bats bat batem bateu baten	bat[note 6] bats bat batem bateu baten	bat[note 6] bats bat batem bateu baten
Imperfect indicative
batiï [bəˈtii][note 5] baties [bəˈtiəs] batia [bəˈtiə] batíem [bəˈtiəm] batíeu [bəˈtiəw] batien [bəˈtiən]	batia [bəˈtiə] baties [bəˈtiəs] batia [bəˈtiə] batíem [bəˈtiəm] batíeu [bəˈtiəw] batien [bəˈtiən]	batia [bəˈtiə] baties [bəˈtiəs] batia [bəˈtiə] batíem [bəˈtiəm] batíeu [bəˈtiəw] batien [bəˈtiən]	batia [ba'tia] baties [ba'ties] batia [baˈtiɛ][note 7] batíem [ba'tiem] batíeu [ba'tiew] batien [ba'tien]	batia [ba'tia] baties [ba'ties] batia [ba'tia] batíem [ba'tiem] batíeu [ba'tiew] batien [ba'tien]	batia [ba'tia] baties [ba'ties] batia [ba'tia] batíem [ba'tiem] batíeu [ba'tiew] batien [ba'tien]
Preterite indicative[note 9]
				batí bateres baté batérem batéreu bateren	baté batest baté batem batés bateren
Future indicative
batiré batiràs batirà batirem batireu batiran	batiré batiràs batirà batirem batireu batiran	batiré batiràs batirà batirem batireu batiran	batiré batiràs batirà batirem batireu batiran	batiré batiràs batirà batirem batireu batiran	batiré batiràs batirà batirem batireu batiran
Conditional
batiriï[note 5] batiries batiria batiríem batiríeu batirien	batiria batiries batiria batiríem batiríeu batirien	batiria batiries batiria batiríem batiríeu batirien	batiria batiries batiria[note 7] batiríem batiríeu batirien	batiria batiries batiria batiríem batiríeu batirien	batiria batiries batiria batiríem batiríeu batirien
Present subjunctive
bati[note 10] batis bati batem bateu batin	bata bates bata batem bateu baten	bati[note 10] batis bati batem bateu batin	bato[note 11] batos bato batem bateu baton	bata bates bata batem bateu baten	bata bates bata batem bateu baten
Past subjunctive
batessi[note 5] batessis batés batéssim batéssiu batessin	batés batessis batés batéssim batéssiu batessin	batés batessis batés batéssim batéssiu batessin	batés batesses batés batéssem batésseu batessen	batera[note 13] bateres batera batérem batéreu bateren	batés batesses batés batéssem batésseu batessen

3rd conjugation (-ir) verbs

This is the second largest group of regular verbs in the Catalan language (approximately 10% of verbs in the dictionary).

Most of the regular verbs of this group (about 91%) take the so-called inchoative augment, which derives from the Latin inchoative suffix -ESC-. The particular form of the suffix varies among -eix-, -ix-, -esc-, -isc- (which might be realised as [ˈɛʃ, ˈiʃ, ˈɛsk, ˈisk] etc.) depending on the tense and the dialect. That suffix, which always carries the stress accent, is added to the basic root in some forms in particular (imperative 2nd person singular, and 1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd plural of indicative present and subjunctive present), e.g. servir gives imperative 2nd person singular serveix!, 3rd singular indicative present serveix, 3rd singular subjunctive present serveixi, etc.

Two-stemmed "inchoatives": servir ("to serve")

These verbs have a basic stem (e.g. serv-) and an extended stem (serveix-, servix-, servesc- or servisc-) used in some particular tenses. Examples of inchoative verbs include patir ("to suffer/endure") and partir ("to divide"), which give 3rd singular indicative present as pateix and parteix, respectively.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
servir [səɾˈβi]	servir [səɾˈvi]	servir [səɾˈβi]	servir [seɾˈβi]	servir [seɾˈviɾ]	servir [seɾˈviɾ]
Past Participle
servit [səɾˈβit] servida [səɾˈβiðə]	servit [səɾˈvit] servida [səɾˈviðə]	servit [səɾˈβit] servida [səɾˈβiðə]	servit [seɾˈβit] servida [seɾˈβiðɛ][note 1]	servit [seɾˈvit] servida [seɾˈviɛ][note 1][note 2]	servit [seɾˈvit] servida [seɾˈviða]
Gerund
servint [səɾˈβin]	servint [səɾˈvint]	servint [səɾˈβin]	servint [seɾˈβin]	servint [seɾˈvint]	servint [seɾˈvint]
Imperative
serveix! [səɾˈβɛʃ] servim! [səɾˈβim] serviu! [səɾˈβiw]	serveix! [səɾˈvɛʃ] serviguem! [səɾviˈɣəm] serviu! [səɾˈviw]	serveix! [səɾˈβɛʃ] servim! [səɾˈβim] serviu! [səɾˈβiw]	servix! [seɾˈβiʃ] servim! [seɾˈβim] serviu! [seɾˈβiw]	servix! [seɾˈviʃ] servim! [seɾˈvim] serviu! [seɾˈviw]	serveix! [seɾˈvɛʃ] servim! [seɾˈvim] serviu! [seɾˈviw]
Present indicative
serveixi [səɾˈβɛʃi][note 5] serveixes [səɾˈβɛʃəs] serveix [səɾˈβɛʃ] servim [səɾˈβim] serviu [səɾˈβiw] serveixen [səɾˈβɛʃən]	servesc [səɾˈvɛsk][note 6] serveixes [səɾˈvɛʃəs] serveix [səɾˈvɛʃ] servim [səɾˈvim] serviu [səɾˈviw] serveixen [səɾˈvɛʃən]	serveixo [səɾˈβɛʃu] serveixes [səɾˈβɛʃəs] serveix [səɾˈβɛʃ] servim [səɾˈβim] serviu [səɾˈβiw] serveixen [səɾˈβɛʃən]	servixo [seɾˈβiʃo] servixes [seɾˈβiʃes] servix [seɾˈβiʃ] servim [seɾˈβim] serviu [seɾˈβiw] servixen [seɾˈβiʃen]	servixc [seɾˈviʃk] / servisc [seɾˈvisk][note 6] servixes [seɾˈviʃes] servix [seɾˈviʃ] servim [seɾˈvim] serviu [seɾˈviw] servixen [seɾˈviʃen]	servesc [seɾˈvɛsk][note 6] serveixes [seɾˈvɛʃes] serveix [seɾˈvɛʃ] servim [seɾˈvim] serviu [seɾˈviw] serveixen [seɾˈvɛʃen]
Imperfect indicative
serviï [səɾˈβii][note 5] servies [səɾˈβiəs] servia [səɾˈβiə] servíem [səɾˈβiəm] servíeu [səɾˈβiəw] servien [səɾˈβiən]	servia [səɾˈviə] servies [səɾˈviəs] servia [səɾˈviə] servíem [səɾˈviəm] servíeu [səɾˈviəw] servien [səɾˈviən]	servia [səɾˈβiə] servies [səɾˈβiəs] servia [səɾˈβiə] servíem [səɾˈβiəm] servíeu [səɾˈβiəw] servien [səɾˈβiən]	servia [seɾˈβia] servies [seɾˈβies] servia [seɾˈβiɛ][note 7] servíem [seɾˈβiem] servíeu [seɾˈβiew] servien [seɾˈβien]	servia [seɾˈvia] servies [seɾˈvies] servia [seɾˈvia] servíem [seɾˈviem] servíeu [seɾˈview] servien [seɾˈvien]	servia [seɾˈvia] servies [seɾˈvies] servia [seɾˈvia] servíem [seɾˈviem] servíeu [seɾˈview] servien [seɾˈvien]
Preterite indicative[note 9]
				serví servires serví servírem servíreu serviren	serví servist serví servim servís serviren
Future indicative
serviré serviràs servirà servirem servireu serviran	serviré serviràs servirà servirem servireu serviran	serviré serviràs servirà servirem servireu serviran	serviré serviràs servirà servirem servireu serviran	serviré serviràs servirà servirem servireu serviran	serviré serviràs servirà servirem servireu serviran
Conditional
serviriï[note 5] serviries serviria serviríem serviríeu servirien	serviria serviries serviria serviríem serviríeu servirien	serviria serviries serviria serviríem serviríeu servirien	serviria serviries serviria[note 7] serviríem serviríeu servirien	serviria serviries serviria serviríem serviríeu servirien	serviria serviries serviria serviríem serviríeu servirien
Present subjunctive
serveixi[note 10] serveixis serveixi servim serviu serveixin	servesqui[note 10] servesquis servesqui serviguem servigueu servesquin	serveixi[note 10] serveixis serveixi servim serviu serveixin	servixo[note 11] servixos servixo servim serviu servixon	servixca/servisca servixques/servisques servixca/servisca servim serviu servixquen/servisquen	servesca servesques servesca servim serviu servesquen
Past subjunctive
servissi[note 5] servissis servís servíssim servíssiu servissin	servís servissis servís servíssim servíssiu servissin	servís servissis servís servíssim servíssiu servissin	servís servissis servís servíssim servíssiu servissin	servira[note 13] servires servira servírem servíreu serviren	servís servisses servís servíssem servísseu servissen

One-stemmed: dormir ("to sleep")

Examples of non-inchoative verbs include, fugir ("to flee") and morir ("to die"), which give 3rd singular indicative present as fuig and mor, respectively.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
dormir [duɾˈmi]	dormir [duɾˈmi]	dormir [duɾˈmi]	dormir [doɾˈmi]	dormir [doɾˈmir]	dormir [doɾˈmir]
Past Participle
dormit [duɾˈmit] dormida [duɾˈmiðə]	dormit [duɾˈmit] dormida [duɾˈmiðə]	dormit [duɾˈmit] dormida [duɾˈmiðə]	dormit [doɾˈmit] dormida [doɾˈmiðɛ][note 1]	dormit [doɾˈmit] dormida [doɾˈmiɛ][note 1][note 2]	dormit [doɾˈmit] dormida [doɾˈmiða]
Gerund
dormint [duɾˈmin]	dormint [duɾˈmint]	dormint [duɾˈmin]	dormint [doɾˈmin]	dormint [doɾˈmint]	dormint [doɾˈmint]
Imperative
dorm! dormim! dormiu!	dorm! dormiguem! dormiu!	dorm! dormim! dormiu!	dorm! dormim! dormiu!	dorm! dormim! dormiu!	dorm! dormim! dormiu!
Present indicative
dormi [ˈdoɾmi][note 5] dormes dorm dormim dormiu dormen	dorm [ˈdoɾm][note 6] dorms dorm dormim dormiu dormen	dormo [ˈdoɾmu] dorms dorm dormim dormiu dormen	dormo [ˈdoɾmo] dorms dorm dormim dormiu dormen	dorm [ˈdoɾm][note 6] dorms dorm dormim dormiu dormen	dorm [ˈdoɾm][note 6] dorms dorm dormim dormiu dormen
Imperfect indicative
dormiï [durˈmii][note 5] dormies dormia dormíem dormíeu dormien	dormia [doɾˈmiə] dormies dormia dormíem dormíeu dormien	dormia [duɾˈmiə] dormies dormia dormíem dormíeu dormien	dormia [doɾˈmia] dormies dormia [dorˈmiɛ][note 7] dormíem dormíeu dormien	dormia [doɾˈmia] dormies dormia dormíem dormíeu dormien	dormia [doɾˈmia] dormies dormia dormíem dormíeu dormien
Preterite indicative[note 9]
				dormí dormires dormí dormírem dormíreu dormiren	dormí dormist dormí dormim dormís dormiren
Future indicative
dormiré dormiràs dormirà dormirem dormireu dormiran	dormiré dormiràs dormirà dormirem dormireu dormiran	dormiré dormiràs dormirà dormirem dormireu dormiran	dormiré dormiràs dormirà dormirem dormireu dormiran	dormiré dormiràs dormirà dormirem dormireu dormiran	dormiré dormiràs dormirà dormirem dormireu dormiran
Conditional
dormiriï[note 5] dormiries dormiria dormiríem dormiríeu dormirien	dormiria dormiries dormiria dormiríem dormiríeu dormirien	dormiria dormiries dormiria dormiríem dormiríeu dormirien	dormiria dormiries dormiria[note 7] dormiríem dormiríeu dormirien	dormiria dormiries dormiria dormiríem dormiríeu dormirien	dormiria dormiries dormiria dormiríem dormiríeu dormirien
Present subjunctive
dormi[note 10] dormis dormi dormim dormiu dormin	dormi[note 10] dormis dormi dormiguem dormigueu dormin	dormi[note 10] dormis dormi dormim dormiu dormin	dormo[note 11] dormos dormo dormim dormiu dormon	dorma dormes dorma dormim dormiu dormen	dorma dormes dorma dormim dormiu dormen
Past subjunctive
dormissi[note 5] dormissis dormís dormíssim dormíssiu dormissin	dormís dormissis dormís dormíssim dormíssiu dormissin	dormís dormissis dormís dormíssim dormíssiu dormissin	dormís dormisses dormís dormíssem dormísseu dormissen	dormira[note 13] dormires dormira dormírem dormíreu dormiren	dormís dormisses dormís dormíssem dormísseu dormissen

Irregular verbs

ser or ésser ("to be")

This auxiliary verb presents several different roots: s-, ess-, er-, sig- (from Latin ESSE), and for-, foss, fu- (from Latin perfect forms of ESSE, which already had analogous supletive roots).

There are more dialectal forms with velar augment based on the root sig-, for example in Ribargorçan indicative present.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
ser [ˈsɛ]	ser [ˈsə] / esser [əˈse]	ser [ˈse] / ésser [ˈesə]	ser [ˈse]	ser [ˈseɾ]	ésser [ˈeseɾ]
Past Participle
sigut siguda		sigut/set/estat siguda/seta/estada	sigut/set siguda/seta	segut seguda
Gerund
siguent		sent/siguent/essent	sent/siguent	sent/siguent
Imperative
		sigues siguem sigueu
Present indicative
sun es/ets és sem seu sun	som ets és som sou són	sóc/so ets és som sou són
Imperfect indicative
eri[note 5] eres/érets era érem éreu eren		era eres era érem éreu eren
Preterite indicative[note 9]
				fui fores fou fórem fóreu foren	fui fuist/fost fo/fou/fonc fom/fórem fos/fórets foren
Future indicative
seré [səˈɾe] seràs [səˈɾas] serà [səˈɾa] serem [səˈɾɛm] sereu [səˈɾɛw] seran [səˈɾan]	seré [səˈɾe] seràs [səˈɾas] serà [səˈɾa] serem [səˈɾɛm] sereu [səˈɾɛw] seran [səˈɾan]	seré [səˈɾe] seràs [səˈɾas] serà [səˈɾa] serem [səˈɾɛm] sereu [səˈɾɛw] seran [səˈɾan]	siré [siˈɾe] siràs [siˈɾas] sirà [siˈɾa] sirem [siˈɾɛm] sireu [siˈɾɛw] siran [siˈɾan]	seré [seˈɾe] seràs [seˈɾas] serà [seˈɾa] serem [seˈɾɛm] sereu [seˈɾɛw] seran [seˈɾan]	seré [seˈɾe] seràs [seˈɾas] serà [seˈɾa] serem [seˈɾɛm] sereu [seˈɾɛw] seran [seˈɾan]
Conditional
seriï[note 5] series seria seríem seríeu serien	seria series seria seríem seríeu serien	seria/fóra series/fores seria/fóra seríem/fórem seríeu/fóreu serien/foren	siria siries siria siríem siríeu sirien	seria series seria seríem seríeu serien	fóra fores fóra fórem fóreu foren
Present subjunctive
sigui siguis sigui siguem sigueu siguin	sigui siguis sigui siguem sigueu siguin	sigui siguis sigui siguem sigueu siguin	sigo[note 11] sigos sigo siguem sigueu sigon	siga sigues sigue siguem sigueu siguen
Past subjunctive
siguessi[note 5] siguessis sigués siguéssim siguéssiu siguessin	sigués siguessis sigués siguéssim siguéssiu siguessin	fos/sigués fossis/siguessis fos/sigués fóssim/siguéssim fóssiu/siguéssiu fossin/siguessin	fos fosses fos fóssem fósseu fossen	fóra fores fóra fórem fóreu foren

haver ("to have")

This auxiliary verb presents several different roots: h-, hav- and hag- (either [aɣ] or [aʒ]) (all from Latin HABERE). There are more dialectal forms with velar augment based on the root hag-.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
		haver
Past Participle
		hagut haguda
Gerund
		havent
Imperative
Present indicative
		he/haig has ha hem heu han
Imperfect indicative
		havia havies havia havíem havíeu havien
Preterite indicative
Future indicative
		hauré hauràs haurà haurem haureu hauran
Conditional
		hauria hauries hauria hauríem hauríeu haurien
Present subjunctive
		hagi hagis hagi hàgim hàgiu hagin	haja hages haja hàgem hàgeu hagen	haja hages haja hàgem hàgeu hagen
Past subjunctive
		hagués haguessis hagués haguéssim haguéssiu haguessin	hagués haguesses hagués haguéssem haguésseu haguessen	haguera hagueres haguera haguérem haguéreu hagueren

anar ("to go")

anar has two sets of different roots: ana-, ani- (from Latin AMBULARE, the second one a mix with Latin IRE) and va-, vag- [baʒ] (from Latin VADERE).

The present of anar is used as an auxiliary verb to form the periphrastic preterite with the infinitive of the verb being conjugated. The characteristic forms of anar used as an auxiliary verb are slightly different from the normal present as a full verb. In particular, the first and second plural forms are different: the auxiliary verb forms are vam and vau (or vem and veu, depending on the dialect), whereas the full verb forms are anem and aneu (or anam and anau, depending on the dialect).

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
anar	anar	anar	anar	anar	anar
Past Participle
anat anada	anat anada	anat anada	anat anada	anat anada	anat anada
Gerund
anant	anant	anant	anant	anant	anant
Imperative
vés! [ˈbes] anem! [əˈnɛm] aneu! [əˈnɛw]	vés! [ˈves] anem! [əˈnəm] anau! [əˈnɛw]	vés! [ˈbes] anem! [əˈnɛm] aneu! [əˈnɛw]	vés! [ˈbes] anem! [aˈnɛm] aneu! [aˈnɛw]	vés! [ˈves] anem! [aˈnɛm] aneu! [aˈnɛw]
Present indicative
vaig [ˈbatʃ] vas ['bas] va [ˈba] anem [əˈnɛm] aneu [əˈnɛw] van [ˈban]	vaig [ˈvatʃ] vas ['vas] va [ˈva] anam [əˈnam] anau [əˈnaw] van [ˈvan]	vaig [ˈbatʃ] vas ['bas] va [ˈba] anem [əˈnɛm] aneu [əˈnɛw] van [ˈban]	vaig [ˈbatʃ] vas ['bas] va [ˈba] anem [aˈnɛm] aneu [aˈnɛw] van [ˈban]	vaig [ˈvatʃ] vas ['vas] va [ˈva] anem [aˈnɛm] aneu [aˈnɛw] van [ˈvan]	vaig [ˈvatʃ] vas ['vas] va [ˈva] anam [aˈnɛm] anau [aˈnɛw] van [ˈvan]
Imperfect indicative
anava anaves anava anàvem anàveu anaven	anava anaves anava anàvem anàveu anaven	anava anaves anava anàvem anàveu anaven	anava anaves anava anàvem anàveu anaven	anava anaves anava anàvem anàveu anaven	anava anaves anava anàvem anàveu anaven
Preterite indicative
				aní anares anà anàrem anàreu anaren	ané/aní anàs/anist anà anam anats anaren
Future indicative
iré iràs irà irem ireu iran	aniré aniràs anirà anirem anireu aniran	aniré aniràs anirà anirem anireu aniran	aniré aniràs anirà anirem anireu aniran	aniré aniràs anirà anirem anireu aniran
Conditional
iria iries iria iríem iríeu irien	aniria aniries aniria aniríem aniríeu anirien	aniria aniries aniria aniríem aniríeu anirien	aniria aniries aniria aniríem aniríeu anirien	aniria aniries aniria aniríem aniríeu anirien
Present subjunctive
vagi vagis vagi anem aneu vagin	vagi vagis vagi anem aneu vagin	vagi vagis vagi anem aneu vagin	vaja vages vaja anem aneu vagen	vaja vages vaja anem aneu vagen	vaja vages vaja anem aneu vagen
Past subjunctive
anéssi anessis anés anéssim anéssiu anessin	anàs anassis anàs anàssim anàssiu anassin	anés anessis anés anéssim anéssiu anessin	anés anessis anés anéssim anéssiu anessin	anara anares anara anàrem anàreu anaren

fer ("to do")

This irregular verb presents several different roots: fe-, fa-, fac- [fas] (all from Latin FACERE). There are more dialectal (and non-standard) forms based on the root fag- [faʒ], by analogy on haver, for example in central Catalan subjunctive present.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
		fer
Past Participle
		fet feta
Gerund
		fent
Imperative
	fé facem! feis!	fes fem! feu!	fes fem! feu!	fes fem! feu!	fes fem! feu!
Present indicative
	faç fas fa faim fais fan	faig fas fa fem feu fan		faig fas fa fem feu fan
Imperfect indicative
		feia feies feia feiem feieu feien
Preterite indicative
				fiu feres féu férem féreu feren	fiu faist/fist féu faem faés/fés feren
Future indicative
		faré faràs farà farem fareu faran
Conditional
		faria faries faria faríem faríeu farien
Present subjunctive
	faci facis faci facem faceu facin	faci facis faci fem feu facin		faça faces faça fem feu facen
Past subjunctive
		fes fessis fes féssim féssiu fessin	fes fesses fes féssem fésseu fessen	fera feres fera férem féreu feren

dir ("to say")

This irregular verb presents several different roots: di-, diu- [diw], dei- [dɛj], dig- [diɣ], dic- [dik] (all from Latin DICERE). There are more dialectal forms with velar augment based on the root dig-, specially in Balearic varieties.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
dir [ˈdi]	dir [ˈdi]	dir [ˈdi]	dir [ˈdi]	dir [ˈdir]	dir [ˈdir]
Past Participle
		dit dita
Gerund
		dient
Imperative
	digues! diguem! digau!	digues! diguem! digueu!
Present indicative
	dic dius diu deim deis diuen	dic dius diu diem dieu diuen
Imperfect indicative
		deia deies deia dèiem dèieu deien
Preterite indicative
				diguí digueres digué diguérem diguéreu digueren	dix dixist dix dixem dixest dixeren
Future indicative
		diré diràs dirà direm direu diran
Conditional
		diria diries diria diríem diríeu dirien
Present subjunctive
		digui [ˈdiɣi] diguis [ˈdiɣis] digui [ˈdiɣi] diguem [diˈɣɛm] digueu [diˈɣɛw] diguin [ˈdiɣin]
Past subjunctive
		digués diguessis digués diguéssim diguéssiu diguessin

dur ("to take/get")

This irregular verb presents several different roots: du-, dui- [duj], dug- [duɣ], duc- [duk] (all from Latin DUCERE). There are more dialectal forms with velar augment based on the root dug-, specially in Balearic varieties.

Northern Catalan	Balearic	Central Catalan	North-Western Catalan	Valencian	Medieval Catalan
Infinitive
dur [ˈdu]	dur [ˈdu]	dur [ˈdu]	dur [ˈdu]	dur [ˈdur]	dur [ˈdur]
Past Participle
	duit [ˈdujt] duita [ˈdujtə]	dut [ˈdut] duta [ˈdutə]
Gerund
		duent
Imperative
	duu! duguem! duis!	duu! duguem! dueu!		dus! duguem! dueu!	dus! duguem! dueu!
Present indicative
	duc [ˈduk] duus [ˈduws] / dus [ˈdus] duu [ˈduw] / du [ˈdu] duim [ˈdujm] duis [ˈdujs] duen [ˈduən]	duc [ˈduk] duus [ˈduws] / dus [ˈdus] duu [ˈduw] / du [ˈdu] duem [duˈɛm] dueu [duˈɛw] duen [ˈduən]		duc [ˈduk] duus [ˈduws] / dus [ˈdus] duu [ˈduw] / du [ˈdu] duem [duˈɛm] dueu [duˈɛw] duen [ˈduen]
Imperfect indicative
		duia duies duia duiem duieu duien
Preterite indicative
				duguí dugueres dugué duguérem duguéreu dugueren	dux duxist dux duxem duxest duxeren
Future indicative
		duré duràs durà durem dureu duran
Conditional
		duria duries duria duríem duríeu durien
Present subjunctive
		dugui [ˈduɣi] duguis [ˈduɣis] dugui [ˈduɣi] duguem [duˈɣɛm] dugueu [duˈɣɛw] duguin [ˈduɣin]
Past subjunctive
		dugués duguessis dugués duguéssim duguéssiu duguessin

Online Catalan verb conjugators

• Catalan Conjugator. CatalanDictionary.org
• Romance languages: Catalan - verbix.com

Notes

1. Occidental Catalan dialects have feminine participle ending in -[ɛ].
2. Valencian drops intervocalic -d- in feminine participle.
3. Personal pronouns are usually not explicited, as grammatical persona and number are deducible from verb forms.
4. Medieval Catalan had etymological -a- in the desinence of several forms for first conjugation verbs. Only Balearic Catalan has preserved most of them. In particular: imperative second person plural, indicative present first and 2nd persons plural, and all forms of subjunctive preterite.
5. Northern Catalan has -i ending in first-person singular in indicative present, indicative imperfect preterite, simple conditional, and subjunctive preterite for all conjugations. This is a notable coincidence with Gascon and Lengadocian.
6. Medieval Catalan had no ending in the desinence of indicative present first-person singular for all conjugations, although some verbs with roots ending in complex consonantal sequences added a final support vowel -e. Balearic Catalan and Valencian have preserved this state in diverse degrees.
7. North-Western Catalan has -[ɛ ] ending in third-person singular in present indicative, imperfect indicative, and simple conditional.
8. Valencian has -e ending in indicative present 1st person singular for 1st conjugation.
9. In most Catalan dialects simple preterite indicative has been replaced by the so called periphrastic preterite, which is constructed with characteristic forms of anar (to go) and the infinitive of the conjugated verb.
10. Oriental Catalan dialects have changed subjunctive present mark to -i- for 1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and third plural persons.
11. North-Western Catalan has subjunctive present mark to -o- for 1st,2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd plural persons.
12. Medieval Catalan had subjunctive present mark -e- in all forms for 1st conjugation, only Valencian has preserved it so.
13. Valencian has changed subjunctive preterite marks to -r- in all forms, by analogy with indicative preterite.

See also

• Catalan phonology
• Romance verbs
• Occitan conjugation

Bibliography

• Proposta per a un estandàrd oral de la llengua catalana, II – Morfologia / Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Secció filològica – 1999
• Gramática histórica catalana / Antoni Maria Badia i Margarit – Tres i quatre, 1994
• Moments clau de la història de la llengua catalana / Antoni Maria Badia i Margarit – Universitat de València, 2004
• Gramàtica històrica catalana / Francesc de Borja i Moll – Universitat de València, 2006
• Morfologia catalana / Manuel Pérez Saldanya (coord.) – UOC, 2001
• Els Parlars catalans : síntesi de dialectologia / Joan Veny i Clar – Moll, 1982
• Els verbs catalans conjugats / Joan Baptista Xuriguera i Parramona – Claret, 1972