Central nucleus of the amygdala

Central nucleus of the amygdala
Identifiers
NeuroLex ID Central amygdaloid nucleus

Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy


The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA or aCeN) is a nucleus within the amygdala.[1][2] It "serves as the major output nucleus of the amygdala and participates in receiving and processing pain information."[3]

CeA "connects with brainstem areas that control the expression of innate behaviors and associated physiological responses."[4] CeA has dopaminergic projections.

CeA is responsible for "autonomic components of emotions (e.g., changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration) primarily through output pathways to the lateral hypothalamus and brain stem." The CeA is also responsible for "conscious perception of emotion primarily through the ventral amygdalofugal output pathway to the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and prefrontal cortex."[5]

Amygdala subdividisions and outputs

Inputs and outputs of the rodent central amygdala

The regions described as amygdala nuclei encompass several structures with distinct connectional and functional characteristics in humans and other animals.[6] Among these nuclei are the basolateral complex, the cortical nucleus, the medial nucleus, and the central nucleus. The basolateral complex can be further subdivided into the lateral, the basal, and the accessory basal nuclei.[7][8]

Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle. Amygdala is shown in purple.

The amygdalofugal pathway (Latin for "fleeing from the amygdala" and commonly distinguished as the ventral amygdalofugal pathway) is one of the three principal pathways by which fibers leave the amygdala. The other main efferent pathways from the amygdala are the stria terminalis and anterior commissure. The anterior commissure also serves to connect the two amygdala.

The ventral amygdalofugal pathway carries output from the central and basolateral nuclei and delivers it a number of targets; namely, the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the basal forebrain, the brain stem, septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens.

Research

See also

References

  1. Keifer, Orion P.; Hurt, Robert C.; Ressler, Kerry J.; Marvar, Paul J. (1 September 2015). "The Physiology of Fear: Reconceptualizing the Role of the Central Amygdala in Fear Learning". Physiology 30 (5): 389–401. doi:10.1152/physiol.00058.2014.
  2. Kalin, Ned H.; Shelton, Steven E.; Davidson, Richard J. (2004). "The Role of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Mediating Fear and Anxiety in the Primate". Journal of Neuroscience 24 (24): 5506–15. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0292-04.2004. PMID 15201323.
  3. Hasanein, Parisa; Mirazi, Naser; Javanmardi, Kazem (2008). "GABAA receptors in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) affect on pain modulation". Brain Research 1241: 36–41. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.09.041. PMID 18838064.
  4. LeDoux, Joseph E. (2008). "Amygdala". Scholarpedia 3 (4): 2698. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.2698.
  5. Wright, Anthony. "Limbic System: Amygdala". In Byrne, John H. Homeostasis and Higher Brain Function. Neuroscience Online. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
  6. Bzdok, Danilo; Laird, Angela R.; Zilles, Karl; Fox, Peter T.; Eickhoff, Simon B. (2012). "An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala". Human Brain Mapping 34 (12): n/a. doi:10.1002/hbm.22138. PMID 22806915.
  7. Best, Ben (August 28, 2012). "The Amygdala and the Emotions". The Anatomical Basis of Mind. Archived from the original on March 9, 2007.
  8. Solano-Castiella, Eugenia; Anwander, Alfred; Lohmann, Gabriele; Weiss, Marcel; Docherty, Carol; Geyer, Stefan; Reimer, Enrico; Friederici, Angela D.; Turner, Robert (2010). "Diffusion tensor imaging segments the human amygdala in vivo". NeuroImage 49 (4): 2958–65. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.027. PMID 19931398.
  9. Makino, Shinya; Shibasaki, Tamotsu; Yamauchi, Naoko; Nishioka, Tatsuya; Mimoto, Tomoko; Wakabayashi, Ichiji; Gold, Philip W; Hashimoto, Kozo (1999). "Psychological stress increased corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA and content in the central nucleus of the amygdala but not in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat". Brain Research 850 (1–2): 136–43. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02114-9. PMID 10629757.
  10. Margatho, Lisandra Oliveira; Elias, Carol Fuzeti; Elias, Lucila Leico Kagohara; Antunes-Rodrigues, Jose (2013). "Oxytocin in the central amygdaloid nucleus modulates the neuroendocrine responses induced by hypertonic volume expansion in the rat". Journal of Neuroendocrinology 25 (5): n/a. doi:10.1111/jne.12021. PMID 23331859.
  11. Smith, Elizabeth S.; Geissler, Sydney A.; Schallert, Timothy; Lee, Hongjoo J. (2013). "The Role of Central Amygdala Dopamine in Disengagement Behavior". Behavioral Neuroscience 127 (2): 164–74. doi:10.1037/a0031043. PMID 23316710.
  12. Yan, Junbao; Li, Jinrong; Yan, Jianqun; Sun, Huiling; Wang, Qian; Chen, Ke; Sun, Bo; Wei, Xiaojing; Song, Lin; Zhao, Xiaolin; Wei, Shuangyu; Han, Ling (2013). "Activation of μ-opioid receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala induces hypertonic sodium intake". Neuroscience 233: 28–43. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.026. PMID 23270855.
  13. Zimmerman, Joshua M.; Rabinak, Christine A.; McLachlan, Ian G.; Maren, Stephen (2007). "The central nucleus of the amygdala is essential for acquiring and expressing conditional fear after overtraining". Learning & Memory 14 (9): 634–44. doi:10.1101/lm.607207. PMC 1994080. PMID 17848503.
  14. Makino, Shinya; Gold, Phillip W.; Schulkin, Jay (1994). "Corticosterone effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus". Brain Research 640 (1–2): 105–12. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91862-7. PMID 8004437.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, November 04, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.