Centrosaurinae

Centrosaurines Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 84–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Centrosaurus nasicornus skeleton, Palaeontological Museum Munich
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Order:	†Ornithischia
Family:	†Ceratopsidae
Subfamily:	†Centrosaurinae Lambe, 1915
Type species
Centrosaurus apertus Lambe, 1904
Subgroups
See text.
Synonyms
Pachyrhinosaurinae Sternberg, 1950

The Centrosaurinae is a subfamily of ceratopsid dinosaurs named by paleontologist Lawrence Lambe, in 1915, with Centrosaurus as the type genus. The centrosaurines are further divided into two tribes, the centrosaurins and the pachyrhinosaurins.^[1]

Classification

The below species were found to belong in Centrosaurinae by a 2014 publication (unless otherwise noted):^[2]

• Centrosaurinae
  • Xenoceratops foremostensis
  • Monoclonius lowei
  • Coronosaurus brinkmani
  • Nasutoceratops titusi
  • Styracosaurus albertensis
  • Centrosaurus apertus
  • Spinops sternbergorum
  • Avaceratops lammersi
  • Diabloceratops eatoni
  • Albertaceratops nesmoi
  • Pachyrhinosaurini^[3]
    • Sinoceratops zhuchengensis
    • Wendiceratops pinhornensis^[4]
    • Einiosaurus procurvicornis
    • Rubeosaurus ovatus
    • Pachyrostra^[3]
      • Achelousaurus horneri
      • Pachyrhinosaurus
        • Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai
        • Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
        • Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis

The cladogram presented here follows a 2012 phylogenetic analysis by Ryan, Evans & Shepherd.^[5] Clade names within Centrosaurinae follow Fiorillo & Tykoski (2012).^[3]

Ceratopsidae	Chasmosaurinae  Centrosaurinae  Xenoceratops foremostensis Diabloceratops eatoni Avaceratops lammersi Albertaceratops nesmoi Spinops sternbergorum Centrosaurus apertus Coronosaurus brinkmani Styracosaurus albertensis Pachyrhinosaurini Sinoceratops zhuchengensis Rubeosaurus ovatus Einiosaurus procurvicornis  Pachyrostra  Achelousaurus horneri Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai

This cladogram follows the phylogenetic analysis performed by Sampson et al. (2013). As is the case above, clade names within Centrosaurinae follow Fiorillo & Tykoski (2012).^[3]

Ceratopsidae

Chasmosaurinae  Centrosaurinae  Diabloceratops eatoni Avaceratops lammersi Nasutoceratops titusi Albertaceratops nesmoi Rubeosaurus ovatus Styracosaurus albertensis Spinops sternbergorum Centrosaurus apertus Coronosaurus brinkmani Pachyrhinosaurini Xenoceratops foremostensis Sinoceratops zhuchengensis Einiosaurus procurvicornis  Pachyrostra  Achelousaurus horneri Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum

Reproduction

Hypothesised ontogenic development of Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum

Possible neonate sized centrosaurine fossils have been documented in the scientific literature.^[6] Research indicates that centrosaurines did not achieve fully developed mating signals until nearly fully grown.^[7] Scott D. Sampson finds commonality between the slow growth of mating signals in centrosaurines and the extended adolescence of animals whose social structures are ranked hierarchies founded on age-related differences.^[7] In these sorts of groups young males are typically sexually mature for several years before actually beginning to breed, when their mating signals are most fully developed.^[8] Females, by contrast do not have such an extended adolescence.^[8]-265" />

See also

• Timeline of ceratopsian research

Footnotes

1. Sampson (1995).
2. Csotonyi, J.T.; White, S. (2014). Paleoart of Julius Csotonyi: Dinosaurs, Sabre-Tooths and Beyond. Titan Books. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-1-7811-6912-4.
3. Fiorillo, A. R.; Tykoski, R. S. (2012). "A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope of Alaska". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (3): 561. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0033.
4. Evans, David C.; Ryan, Michael J. (2015). "Cranial Anatomy of Wendiceratops pinhornensis gen. et sp. nov., a Centrosaurine Ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Alberta, Canada, and the Evolution of Ceratopsid Nasal Ornamentation". PLOS ONE 10 (7): e0130007. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130007.
5. Ryan, M. J.; Evans, D. C.; Shepherd, K. M.; Sues, H. (2012). "A new ceratopsid from the Foremost Formation (middle Campanian) of Alberta". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49 (10): 1251. doi:10.1139/e2012-056.
6. "Abstract," Tanke and Brett-Surman (2001). Page 207.
7. "Retarded Growth of Mating Signals," Sampson (2001); page 270.
8. "Sociological Correlates in Extant Vertebrates," Sampson (2001); page 265.

References

• Sampson, S. D. (1995b). "Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15(4): 743-760.
• Sampson, S. D., 2001, Speculations on the socioecology of Ceratopsid dinosaurs (Orinthischia: Neoceratopsia): In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 263–276.
• Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206–218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.

External links

• Centrosaurinae