Cerne Abbas
| Cerne Abbas | |
 The village centre |
|
  Cerne Abbas |
|
| Population | 820 [1] |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | ST662012 |
| – London | 112.5 miles |
| District | West Dorset |
| Shire county | Dorset |
| Region | South West |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Cerne Abbas |
| Postcode district | DT2 |
| Dialling code | 01300 |
| Police | Dorset |
| Fire | Dorset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
| EU Parliament | South West England |
| UK Parliament | West Dorset |
Coordinates: 50°48′34″N 2°28′52″W / 50.8095°N 2.4810°W
Cerne Abbas is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England.[2] It lies in the West Dorset administrative district in the Cerne Valley in the Dorset Downs. The village lies just east of the A352 road 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Dorchester. Dorset County Council estimate that the population of the civil parish in 2013 was 820.[1] In the 2011 census the population of the civil parish, combined with the small neighbouring parish of Up Cerne, was 784.[3]
In 2008 it was voted Britain's "Most Desirable Village" by estate agent Savills.[4] It is notable as the location of the Cerne Abbas Giant, a chalk figure of a giant naked man on a hillside.
History
The village of Cerne Abbas grew up around the great Benedictine abbey, Cerne Abbey, which was founded there in AD 987.[5] The Domesday survey of 1087 recorded cultivated land for twenty ploughs, with 26 villeins and thirty two bordars. For more than 500 years, the abbey dominated the area. The abbey was surrendered to Henry VIII in 1539 with the Dissolution of the Monasteries and was largely destroyed; a portion of the Abbot's Porch and Abbey guesthouse remain. St Augustine's Well, reputedly blessed by the saint, also remains. St Mary's Church, built by the abbey for the parish in the late 13th century, is in the heart of the parish and retains many original features.
In the centuries after the Dissolution, the village thrived as a small market town. Its wealth was partly generated by brewing, its underground water making it famous for the quality of its beer, which was sold as far away as London and was even exported to the Americas.[6] At one time, Cerne Abbas had 14 public houses, serving visitors and a population of about 1,500. The availability of water power also gave rise to milling, tanning, silk weaving, glove and hat making and many other small industries.
The coming of the railways in the 19th century bypassed Cerne and the village went into decline. By 1906, the population had halved and many of the houses had fallen into disrepair. In 1919, the village was sold by the Pitt-Rivers estate, which had owned it.[7] The village now has a local school, a post office, three remaining historic public houses, tearooms and a number of other shops.
Pevsner says that Abbey Farm House which was rebuilt after a fire in the 1750s was formerly the main gateway to the abbey. When rebuilt, the central window of the former gateway projection was given an unusual Gothic Venetian window.
Tourist attractions
Cerne Abbas attracts many tourists, who are drawn by the river, streets lined with stone houses and the Abbey. The church of St Mary is of 13th-century origin but was largely rebuilt in the 15th and early 16th centuries and partly reconstructed in the 17th century. Features of interest include the 17th century pulpit and the great east window which probably came from the abbey.[8]
Cerne Abbas Giant
The best known attraction is the Cerne Abbas Giant, a 55-metre (180 ft) naked figure carved into the chalk hillside. The giant, owned by the National Trust, is thought by many to be an Iron Age fertility symbol but, as it is unlikely that the monks of Cerne Abbey would have tolerated such a figure, and with no records before the 17th century, this cannot be confirmed. Many scholars now think that it was created in the mid-17th century, although there is evidence of Iron Age settlement on the downs nearby.
Literature
- Cerne Abbas features in Thomas Hardy's Wessex as "Abbots Cernel".
- School of the Night, a mystery by Judith Cook set in Elizabethan England, contains scenes set in Cerne Abbas, and mentions the Cerne Abbas Giant.
- Unconquered, a historical novel by Neil Swanson set in pre-Revolutionary England and America, describes Abigail Hale's upbringing in Cerne Abbas.
References
- 1 2 "Parish Population Data". Dorset County Council. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ↑ Grid reference: ST665012 OS grid reference
- ↑ "Area: Cerne Abbas (Parish). Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ↑ Osborne, Hilary (14 February 2008). "Cerne Abbas voted Britain's most desirable village". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ↑ Cerne Historical Society
- ↑ A village history
- ↑ Cerne Historical Society; 1919 sale
- ↑ Betjeman, John, ed. (1968) Collins Pocket Guide to English Parish Churches; the South. London: Collins; p. 173
The Buildings of England by John Newman and Nikolaus Pevsner. Page 134. Published by Penguin Books 1972. Reprint 1975. ISBN 0-14-071044-2 (For Abbey Farm House).
External links
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