List of Chagatai Khans

The Chagatai Khans were the heads of the Chagatai Khanate from Chagatai Khan's inheritance of the state in 1227 to their removal from power by the Dzungars and their vassals in 1687. The power of the Chagatai Khans varied; from its beginning, the khanate was one of the weakest of the Mongol states, and often its rulers were merely figureheads for ambitious conquerors (see Kaidu and Timur).

Note: The following list is incomplete and, at times, possibly slightly inaccurate. It also excludes several collateral lines that ruled over minor territories and were relatively unimportant.

Khans of Chagatai Khanate

Titular Name Personal Name Reign
Khan
خان
Chagatai Khan
چغتائی خان
1226–1242 CE
Khan
خان
Qara Hülëgü
قارا ہلاکو
1242–1246 CE 1st Reign
Khan
خان
Yesü Möngke
یہسو مونکو
1246–1252 CE
Khan
خان
Qara Hülëgü
قارا ہلاکو
1252 CE 2nd Reign
Khan
خان
Mubarak Shah
مبارک شاہ
His mother Orqina Khatun was regent during this time
1252–1260 CE 1st Reign
Khan
خان
Alghu bin Baidar
الغو
1260–1266 CE
Khan
خان
Mubarak Shah
مبارک شاہ
1266 CE 2nd Reign
Khan
خان
Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq
غیاث الدین باراق
1266–1270 CE
Kaidu bin Kashin and his son Chapar bin Kaidu ruled as defacto Khans from 1270 until 1304.The Chagatai Khans during this period were appointed by them but still rebelled when they tried to exert their authority.
Khan
خان
Negübei
نہگوبائی
Under Kaidu bin Kashin
1270–1272 CE
Khan
خان
Buqa Temür
بغا تیمور بن قداقچی
Under Kaidu bin Kashin
127?–1282 CE
Khan
خان
Duwa
دووا
Under Kaidu bin Kashin & Chapar bin Kaidu
1282–1306 CE
Restoration of Chagatai Khanate independence.
Khan
خان
Duwa
دووا
1306–1307 CE
Khan
خان
Könchek
کونچہک
1307–1308 CE
Khan
خان
Taliqu
تالقو بن قداقچی
1308–1309 CE
Khan
خان
Kebek
قبق بن دووا
1309–1310 CE 1st Reign
Khan
خان
Esen Buqa I
ایشان بغا
1310–1318 CE
Khan
خان
Kebek
قبق بن دووا
1318–1325 CE 2nd Reign
Khan
خان
Eljigidey
?
1325–1329 CE
Khan
خان
Duwa Temür
دووا تیمور
1329–1330 CE
Khan
خان
Ala-ad-din Tarmashirin
علاء الدین تارماشیریں
1331–1334 CE
Khan
خان
Buzan
بوزان
1334–1335 CE
Khan
خان
Changshi
چانگشی
1335–1338 CE
Khan
خان
Yesun Temur
یسون تیمور
1338–1342 CE
Khan
خان
Ali Sultan
علی سلطان
1342 CE
Khan
خان
Muhammad I ibn Pulad
محمد ابن پلاد
1342–1343 CE
Khan
خان
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur
غازان خان
1343–1346 CE
Qazan's death signified the end of the effective power of the Chagatai khans within the ulus; subsequent khans were rulers in name only. Qazaghan took the title of Amir and to legitimize himself conferred the title of khan on descendants of Genghis Khan of his own choosing.
Khan
خان
Danishmendji
دانشمندجی
Under Amir Qazaghan
1346–1348 CE
During Amir Qazaghan's reign the Chagatai Khanate devolved into a loose confederation of tribes. This resulted in the Division of the Empire in 1347 CE into the Western Chagatai Khanate and Eastern part known as Moghulistan under Tughlugh Timur.

Khans of Western Chagatai Khanate (Western Half) and Khans of Moghulistan (Eastern Half)

Western Chagatai Khanate Moghulistan
Bayan Qulï
بیان قلی
Under Amir Qazaghan & Abdullah bin Qazaghan
1348–1358 CE
Tughlugh Timur
تغلق تیمور
1347–1360 CE
Shah Temur
شاہ تیمور
Under Abdullah bin Qazaghan
1358 CE
Tughlugh Timur
تغلق تیمور
(Tribes of Chagatai Khanate rebelled against Abdullah bin Qazaghan who was of the Qara'unas forcing him to retreat but the coalition of Suldus under Buyan Suldus and Barlas under Hajji Beg collapsed; anarchy reigned in Chagatai Khanate. This power vacuum allowed Tughlugh Timur to move in without much resistance only Hajji Beg who was defiant had to make his escape. Tughlugh Timur then appointed Timur Gurkani as Chief of Barlas tribe and returned to his capital. However he was back in the region next year with the view of removing most Amirs and to consolidate his grip on his new conquered territory. He executed several amirs, including Amir Bayazid and Buyan Suldus. The son of Abdullah bin Qazaghan named Amir Husayn was the new Chief of the Qara'unas and resisted the powerful King of Moghulistan but was also defeated, however he would return after the king's death.Tughlugh Timur before leaving for his capital left his son Ilyas Khoja as viceroy of Chagatai Khanate region. The ruthlessness with which the Moghuls ruled the region caused many to oppose them, including Amir Husayn of the Qara'unas and Timur of the Barlas. Together they faced an army of Moghuls and local tribes loyal to Ilyas Khoja, and defeated them. Shortly afterwards, Tughlugh Timur died and Ilyas Khoja left for Moghulistan to take power. The tribes nominated and placed Adil-Sultan as nominal Khan of Chagatai Khanate.
1360–1363 CE
Adil-Sultan
عادل سلطان
Under Tribal Confederation of Amir Husayn and Amir Timur
1363 CE
Ilyas Khoja
الیاس خوجہ
1363–1368 CE
Khabul Shah
خابول شاہ
Under Amir Husayn
1364–1370 CE
Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat
قمر الدین خان دغلت
Usurper
1368–1392 CE
Soyurghatmïsh Khan

Under Amir Timur
1370–1384 CE
Sultan Mahmud Khan
سلطان محمود خان
Under Amir Timur. Sultan Mahmud's death in 1402 marked the effective end of the line of Chagatai Khans in Transoxiana, who had long been mere figureheads and the rise of Timurid dynasty.
1384–1402 CE
Khizr Khoja
خضر خوجہ
1389–1399

Khans of Mughalistan

Titular Name(s) Personal Name Reign
Khan
خان
Tughlugh Timur
تغلق تیمور
1348–1363 CE
Khan
خان
Ilyas Khoja
الیاس خوجہ
1363–1368 CE
Khan
خان
Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat
قمر الدین خان دغلت
1368–1392 CE
Khan
خان
Khizr Khoja
خضر خوجہ
1389–1399 CE
Khan
خان
Shams-i-Jahan
شمس جہان
1399–1408 CE
Khan
خان
Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghlustan)
محمد خان
1408–1415 CE
Khan
خان
Naqsh-i-Jahan
نقش جہان
1415–1418 CE
Khan
خان
Awais Khan
اویس خان
1418–1421 CE
1st reign
Khan
خان
Sher Muhammad
شیر محمد
1421–1425 CE
Khan
خان
Awais Khan
اویس خان
1425–1429 CE
2nd reign
Khan
خان
Satuq Khan
ستوق خان
1429–1434 CE
Khan
خان
Esen Buqa II
ایشان بغا ثانی
1429–1462 CE
Division of Moghulistan into Western Moghulistan and eastern Uyghurstan.

Khans of Western Moghulistan and Khans of Eastern Moghulistan (Uyghurstan)

Western Moghulistan Uyghurstan
Yunus Khan
یونس خان
1462–1469 CE
Dost Muhammad Khan
دوست محمد خان
1462–1468 CE
Kebek Sultan Oghlan
قبق سلطان
1469 CE
Yunus Khan
یونس خان
1469–1487 CE
Mahmud Khan
محمود خان
1487–1508 CE
Ahmad Alaq
احمد الاچ
1487–1503 CE
Mansur Khan
منصور خان
1503–1508 CE
Mansur Khan
منصور خان
1508–1514 CE
Sultan Sa'id Khan
سلطان سعید خان
1514–1533 CE
Mansur Khan
منصور خان
1514–1548 CE
Abdur-Rashid Khan
عبد الرشید خان
1533–1560 CE
Shah Khan
شاہ خان
1543–1560 CE
Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand)
عبد الکریم خان
1560-1591 CE
Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan
محمد خان ابن منصور خان
1570 CE
Sultan Sa'id Khan after defeating Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat established the Altishaher or union of 6 cities, a much reduced western half of Moghulistan. By this time the western half was referred to as Kashgaria and eastern half was referred to as Uyghurstan. During the reign of Abdur-Rashid Khan a certain Naqshbandi Sufi teacher Ahmad Kasani (1462–1542), known as Makhdum-i-Azam (the Great Master) came to Kashgar from Samarkand. His descendants, known as Makhdum Zadas and bearing title "Khoja", would play an important role in the history of the region from the 16th to 19th centuries. Makhdum's eldest son Muhammad Amin, known also as Khoja Kalon (d.1598) became the founder of Sufi order (tariqa) Ishkiyya of Nakshbandi Khojagan, his son Muhammad Yūsuf (d.1653) settled himself in Kashgar and was granted village of Bashkerim near Kashgar by Abdullah Khan in 1638. His son Khoja Hidayatullah better known as Afaq Khoja and his followers became known as the Aq Taghliks, those of the "White Mountains", because of their close approximation to Tangri Tagh (Tian Shan). Makhdum's second son, Muhammad Ishaq Wali (d.1599 in the age of 94), founder of Ishaqiya Sufi order of Nakshbandi Khojagan, with his followers established themselves in Yarkand and became known as the Qara Taghliks, those of the "Black Mountains", because of their close approximation to the Pamir, Karakoram and Kunlun. The Kashgaria region gradually devolved into small city states with the Khojas as rivals post 1570 CE

Said Khan successors- Moghul Khans of Yarkand Khanate (1465-1759)

Tombs of Moghul Khans of Yarkand Khanate in royal cemetery Altyn in Yarkand

The remnants of the state fell to two different rival branches of Khojas- Ak Taghliks and Kara Taghliks. Aqtaghlyq branch of Khojas, a confederation under the influence of the Dzungars, took power in Kashgar where Ahmad Khoja, son of Yahiya Khoja, was declared a Khan. In Yarkand Kara Taghliks took power with Khoja Daniyal being declared a Khan, that caused civil war between Kashgar and Yarkand.
In 1713 remnant of Yarkant Khanate - Altishar ( union of 6 cities)-became dependency of Dzungar Khanate under Tsewang Rabtan, paying annual tribute from all 6 cities in amount of one silver tanga from soul, for Yarkand it was established in amount of 100,000 silver tangas, for Kashgar-67,000 silver tangas, this time Kara Taghliks were established by Dzungars to be responsible for collecting tribute. In 1752 Altishar restored its independence after revolt against Dzungar Khanate under leadership of Kara Taghlik leader Khoja Yusup, son of Khoja Daniyal. In 1755 sons of Ahmad Khoja and great grandsons of Appak Khoja, Ak Taghliks Burhan ad-Din Khoja and Jahan Khoja were rescued by Qings troops in Ili River Valley from Dzungar's captivity and sent to Altishar to claim mandate of Qing China for the country. In ensuing bloody war with Kara Taghliks brothers emerged victorious and established total control of Altishar in 1756 but refused to submit to Qings after that. In 1759 Altishar was conquered by Qing China, that created province Nanlu (Southern Road) on its territory in 1760, while province Beilu (Northern Road) was created on the territory of former Dzungar Khanate, that was exterminated by Qing China in 1756.

Mansur Khan successors in Uyghurstan ( who possessed the titles of Little Khans sitting in Turpan, contrary to Great Khans sitting in Yarkand )

Annexed by the Dzungars. After exterminating of Dzungar Khanate by Qing China in 1756, remnants of Dynasty survived in semi-autonomous Kumul Khanate till the 20th century, last ruler of which Maqsud Shah died in 1930.

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