Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias (Furnas)

Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias (Capela da Nossa Senhora das Vitórias)
Chapel of Our Lady of Victories
Chapel (Capela)
Lateral view of the Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias on the edge of the Lagoa das Furnas
Official name: Capela da Nossa Senhora das Vitórias das Furnas
Name origin: Nossa Senhora das Vitórias, Portuguese for Our Lady of Victories
Country  Portugal
Autonomous Region  Azores
Group Central
Island São Miguel
Municipality Ponta Delgada
Location Furnas
 - elevation 249 m (817 ft)
 - coordinates 37°45′0.65″N 25°19′50.26″W / 37.7501806°N 25.3306278°W / 37.7501806; -25.3306278Coordinates: 37°45′0.65″N 25°19′50.26″W / 37.7501806°N 25.3306278°W / 37.7501806; -25.3306278
Length 14.19 m (47 ft), Northwest-Southeast
Width 10.28 m (34 ft), Southwest-Northeast
Styles Neo-Gothic, Neo-Romanesque
Materials Red Basalt, Tuff, Steel
Origin c. 1864
 - Initiated c. 1870
 - Completed c. 1882
Owner Regional Government of the Azores
For public Private
Visitation Closed
Management Direcção Regional da Cultura
Status Property of Public Interest
Listing Decree No.56-2001, 17 May 2001
Location of the church on the island of São Miguel
Wikimedia Commons: Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias (Povoação)

The Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias (Portuguese: Igreja da Nossa Senhora das Vitórias), dedicated to Our Lady of the Victories, a small funerary chapel on the southwestern corner of Lagoa das Furnas in the civil parish of Furnas, on the Azorean island of São Miguel.

History

The red brick of the Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias, built on Furnas Lake as the final resting-place for José do Canto and his wife

One of the architecturally rich religious temples in the Azores, it was erected by José do Canto, the gentleman-farmer of São Miguel, following the terminal illness of his beloved wife, Maria Guilhermina Taveira Brum do Canto.[1][2] In his testament, dated on 27 June 1862, the rich landowner, wrote:

Having, during the great severity of my wife's illness in 1852, vowed to build a small chapel to the invocation of Our Lady of Victories, and not yet having achieved my purpose due to circumstances beyond to my will, I command that you complete the actual building...

The plan was executed by the architect André Breton, who he entrusted with the commission in 1864.[1] Breton's project, was influenced directly by the Seminary Church of Angers, followed José do Canto's aspirations and preferences.[1]

The hermitage was completed during José do Canto's lifetime, near his summer home on Furnas Lake. It was a small artistic miracle: a Neo-Gothic style chapel that imitated the great gothic cathedrals of Europe, in the rustic green-spaces of the North Atlantic archipelago. The hermitage was constructed in detailed basalt and local tuff by Micalense stonemasons, led by master António de Sousa Redemoinho, of Vila Franca do Campo, who started the project around the middle of the 1870s. It was valued, at the time of its construction, for its beautiful stained-glass windows.

By 1882, with the arrival of the pyramid-like spire, the project had come close to completion. It was a cruciform layout, typical of larger Gothic structures in Europe, but a third the size of the original Seminary Church.[1]

It was solemnly inaugurated on 15 August 1886, by the property-owner, and written-up by many of the newspapers of the time for its beautiful stained-glass windows depicting the life of the Virgin, and in the chancel a image in jasper.

When the owner finally died, he was buried alongside his wife within the chapel, thus fulfilling his original intent.

Architecture

The church is situated on a slight elevation of the embankment, oriented towards the length of Furnas Lake, between the water of the lake and a dense forest of the adjacent property.

Exterior

There are 13 three metre-high arcade windows: two twin windows in the nave, three simple windows in the axial chapel and the rest in the transept between the structural members. These windows were executed by Mégnen, Clamens et Borderau in 1883-1884, based on the instructions of José do Canto.[1] Incased in steel and protected by a metal mesh screen, and applied by the original producers.[1]

The front pavement, in azulejo by Moisseron et L. André, and executed in 1883, are laid in front of the main façade, which is reached by two flights of stairs, with an intermediary pad.[1] The entrance is a triple-arch patio (three directions): the main door, also constructed by Moisseron et L. André, is a bronze-plated wood door with a grating of steel, also installed by Moisseron et L. André.[1]

The tower, of four stories, all with long, narrow Roman arches and sculpted capitals, and surmounted by an elegant spire. On top of the belfrey there are four small turrets with conical pinnacles, triangular niches along the spire and a Christian cross at the apex.[1]

Interior

On the eastern end of its ample transept, is a chapel to Saint Joseph, and an open sacristy along the opposite wall. Within its high ceilings are columns, with sculpted, square capitols, which are duplicated in the square, exterior colonnades that support the structure.

The high Gothic Romanesque exterior is complemented by a French-Parisian interior with appropriate liturgical equipment and decorations.[1] The carved and gilded aedicula, serves as a backdrop to the main altar surrounded by marble, that is faithful to the neo-Romanesque style.[1] It is also present in the grid that separates the sanctuary from the body of the Chapel, the simplified organization of the altar of St. Joseph, or the carved marble fonts for holy water.[1]

Another is the commitment to recovery of the late Gothic octagonal pulpit of wood, the chapel chairs and carved statuary.[1] The figure of "Saint Joseph and Child" in an imitation of the Gothic style (like its predecessors completed by Moisseron et André Lda.), and the Virigin, in the Romanesque style, are a synthesis of the decorative and ornamental adaptions of the Chapel interior. As is the eclecticisim of these artefacts, with the suggestions of Byzantine gold and enamelled bronze light fixtures and stools.[1]

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 CCA, ed. (17 May 2001). "25.00.00 Capela de Nossa Senhora das Vitórias (José do Canto)" (in Portuguese). Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Centro de Conhecimento dos Açores/Direção Regional de Cultura. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  2. ↑ Fernando Aires de Medeiros Sousa (January 1981), p.116
Sources
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