Chaplain general

The 'chaplains general is a senior chaplain in non-church organisations, such as the British and Canadian armies, and are responsible for conducting religious services and ceremonies, representing the Christian faith in that organisation.

History

During the First World War, the chaplain-general John Taylor Smith was equivalent to a major general and under the control of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State. Llewellyn Henry Gwynne was from July 1915 deputy chaplain-general of the army in France, with the relative rank of major-general. Both had been colonial bishops prior to appointment.

In the Second World War, the head of chaplaincy in the British Army was an (Anglican) chaplain-general, who was formally under the control of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State.^[1] An Assistant Chaplain-General was a Chaplain 1st class (full Colonel) and a senior Chaplain was a Chaplain 2nd class (Lieutenant Colonel).^[2]

In 1948 the first Bishop to the Forces was appointed; the Bishop is a suffragan of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the full title of the Bishop to the Forces is "The Archbishop of Canterbury's Episcopal Representative to the Armed Forces". The Bishop to the Forces is not a military chaplain.^[3] The current holder of the office is the Right Reverend Nigel Stock. There is sometimes confusion between the (Anglican) "Bishop to the Forces" and the (Roman Catholic) "Bishop of the Forces": for this reason the latter is normally given his title in full, i.e. "The Roman Catholic Bishop of the Forces".^[4]

Each of the three armed services has a chief chaplain (ranking as an archdeacon), for the navy the Chaplain of the Fleet, for the army the Chaplain-General, and for the Royal Air Force the Chaplain-in-Chief.^[5]

The Museum of Army Chaplaincy holds archive material and information relating to the history of the Chaplains General to the British Army both past and present.

Outside Anglicanism

Chaplain General is also used as a term outside the Anglican Church, referring to the senior chaplain in a nation's military (sometimes called the Chief of Chaplains, as in the United States military). Some nations, like South Africa, Israel, and Canada, have one Chaplain General or Chief of Chaplains for the military as a whole; others, like the United States, have one for each branch of the armed forces; while others have one for each major religion or faith group represented among its military personnel.

Holders of appointments

Chaplains-General

When the Chaplain-General is an Anglican (as was always the case before 1987), she or he is also Archdeacon for the Army. Otherwise, the most senior Anglican army chaplain holds that appointment.

• 4 October 1796 – 1810 (res.): John Gamble^[6] (first CG)
• 10 March 1810 – 1824 (d.): John Owen^[7]
• 12 July 1824 – 1844 (d.): Robert Hodgson^[8]
• 2 July 1846 – 1875 (ret.): George Gleig^[9]
• 7 April 1875 – 1884 (d.): Piers Claughton^[10]
• 8 February 1885 – 1 November 1901 (ret.): Cox Edghill^[11]
• 1 November 1901 – 1925: John Taylor Smith^[12]
• 1925–1931 (res.): Alfred Jarvis^[13]
• 1931–1939: Ernest Thorold^[14]
• 1939–1944 (ret.): Charles Symons^[15]
• 6 November 1944 – 1951 (res.): Llewelyn Hughes^[15]
• 6 November 1951 – 1960 (res.): Victor Pike^[16]
• 11 June 1960 – 1966: Ivan Neill^[17]
• 8 February 1966 – 1974 (ret.): John Youens^[18]
• 1 July 1974 – 1980: Peter Mallett^[19]
• 1980–31 December 1986: William Johnston^[20]
• 1 January 1987 – 1995: James Harkness (Scottish Presbyterian, first non-Anglican Chaplain-General)^[20]
  • Archdeacons for the Army:
    • 1987–1990: Tom Robinson (Deputy Chaplain-General)
    • 1990–1993: Graham Roblin (DCG)
    • 1993–1995: Alan Dean (DCG)
• 3 February 1995 – 2000: Victor Dobbin (Irish Presbyterian minister)^[21]
  • Archdeacons for the Army:
    • 1996–1999: John Holliman (DCG)
    • 1999 onwards: John Blackburn (DCG)
• 13 May 2000 – 2004: John Blackburn^[22]
• David Wilkes (Methodist)
  • Archdeacons for the Army:
    • 2004–2007: Stephen Robbins (Assistant Chaplain-General)
    • 2007 onwards: Stephen Robbins (DCG)
• 2008–2011: Stephen Robbins
• 29 July 2011 – 2014: Jonathan Woodhouse (Baptist)^[23]
• September 2014 – present David Coulter
  • Archdeacons for the Army:
    • 2011–present: Peter Eagles (ACG)

Bishops to the Forces

See also

• Royal Army Chaplains' Department (RAChD) (U.K.)
• Royal Canadian Chaplain Service
• Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States
• International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference
• Military chaplain#Military chaplains by country

References

1. C. D. Symons, Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1939-44
2. Brumwell, P. Middleton (1943) The Army Chaplain: the Royal Army Chaplains' Department; the duties of chaplains and morale. London: Adam & Charles Black
3. Crockford's Clerical Directory 2008/2009 (100th ed.), London: Church House Publishing ISBN 978-0-7151-1030-0
4. . The Catholic Church in England and Wales: the Bishopric of the Forces. Retrieved on 9 September 2010.
5. Whitaker's Almanack; 1972; 1988. London: J. Whitaker & Sons; pp. 459; (1988) 464
6. The London Gazette: no. 13938. p. 945. 4 October 1796. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
7. The London Gazette: no. 16348. p. 335. 6 March 1810. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
8. The London Gazette: no. 18044. p. 1155. 13 July 1824. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
9. The London Gazette: no. 20620. p. 2500. 7 July 1846. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
10. The London Gazette: no. 24199. p. 2081. 13 April 1875. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
11. The London Gazette: no. 25442. p. 677. 17 February 1885. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
12. The London Gazette: no. 27379. p. 7653. 22 November 1901. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
13. The London Gazette: no. 33048. p. 3374. 19 May 1925. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
14. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 34010. p. 3. 29 December 1933. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
15. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 36791. p. 5189. 10 November 1944. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
16. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39375. p. 5772. 9 November 1951. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
17. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42088. p. 4811. 8 July 1960. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
18. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 43898. p. 1755. 11 February 1966. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
19. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 46349. p. 7900. 24 September 1974. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
20. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 50799. p. 450. 12 January 1987. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
21. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 53946. p. 1747. 6 February 1995. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
22. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 55854. p. 5644. 23 May 2000. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
23. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 59866. p. 14713. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2012.

Sources

• Crockford's Clerical Directory – Chapl Gen