Chapman reflex points

Chapman reflex points, or Chapman's points, are small, discrete tissue texture changes located just deep to the skin.^[1] The Chapman point is hypothesized to be an outward physical representation of internal dysfunction or pathology of an organ system.^[1]

History

The points were first described by Dr. Frank Chapman, DO^[2] in 1920, who described the palpatory findings as "small pearls of tapioca that are firm, partially fixed, and located under the skin in the deep fascia."^[1] The points are a diagnostic aid for connecting internal pain to a specific pathology. These points can be used diagnostically for osteopathic manipulative medicine.

Important Chapman reflex points

	Anterior	Posterior
Heart	2nd intercostal space (ICS), left lateral border of sternum.
Lungs	Upper lung: 3rd ICS, just lateral to the sternum Lower lung: 4th ICS, just lateral to the sternum.
Stomach	6th ICS, one inch lateral from the sternoclavicular joint	T6 to T7, in the intercostal space, about 2 cm lateral from the spinous process.
Gall bladder	6th ICS, mid-clavicular line.
Pancreas	Lateral to the costal cartilage between the 7th and 8th ribs on the right	Transverse process of T7 and T8 on the right.
Adrenals	2" superior and 1" lateral to the umbilicus	Between the spinous and transverse processes of T11 and T12
Kidney	1" superior and 1" lateral to the umbilicus	Between the spinous and transverse processes of T12 and L1.
Appendix	Tip of the 12th rib on the right	transverse process of T11
Bladder	Periumbilical region
Urethra	Anteriorly in the myofascial tissues along the superior margin of the pubis ramus about 2 centimeters lateral to the symphysis.
Prostate	Myofascial tissue along the posterior margin of the iliotibial band.	Sacral base (superior sacrum), bilaterally.
Colon	greater trochanter to just above the knee on the Iliotibial band.

References

1 2 3 Washington, K; Mosiello, R; Venditto, M; Simelaro, J; Coughlin, P; Crow, WT; Nicholas, A (October 2003). "Presence of Chapman reflex points in hospitalized patients with pneumonia.". the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 103 (10): 479–83. PMID 14620082. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
↑ "Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology" (PDF). American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine. April 2009. p. 10. Retrieved 25 August 2012.

External links

Reference Sheet from DCOMDO

Osteopathic medicine (ICD-10-PCS 7)

General	Osteopathic medicine in the United States Osteopathic medicine in Canada

Treatments	Articulatory technique Balanced ligamentous tension Chapman reflex points Counterstrain Cranial Lymphatic pump Muscle energy technique Myofascial release Paraspinal inhibition Soft tissue technique Somatic dysfunction

Education	List of osteopathic medical schools Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Accrediting Commission

Licensing	COMLEX NBOME

Organizations	AOA COA AACOM Student Council Specialty Boards Specialty colleges Directors and Medical Educators American Academy of Osteopathy

People	List of osteopathic physicians Andrew Taylor Still S. S. Still

Media	The DO The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Osteopathic Family Physician

History	History California merger Flexner Report

Osteopathic medicine

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