Chappel Viaduct
| Chappel Viaduct | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coordinates | 51°55′15″N 0°45′21″E / 51.920933°N 0.755724°ECoordinates: 51°55′15″N 0°45′21″E / 51.920933°N 0.755724°E |
| OS grid reference | |
| Carries | Gainsborough Line |
| Crosses | River Colne |
| Locale | Essex, England |
| Maintained by | Network Rail |
| Heritage status | grade II listed building |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | viaduct |
| Material | brick |
| Total length | 1,136 yards (1,039 m) |
| Height | 75 feet (23 m) |
| History | |
| Construction end | 1849 |
  Chappel Viaduct Location in Essex | |
Chappel Viaduct is a railway viaduct across the Colne Valley in Essex, Eastern England.
Dimensions
The viaduct consists of 32 semi-circular spans, each of 30 feet (9.1 metres) span with tapered piers; it is 1,136 yards (1,039 metres) long and rises to a maximum height of 75 feet (23 m). The piers consist of two shafts, separated by a 6 feet (2 m) opening, and joined at top and bottom by arches; each shaft contains a hollow void 4 feet (1.2 m) by 3 feet (1 m) maximum, partially filled with concrete to the level of the bottom arch. The running level of the viaduct has a gradient of 1 in 120.[1]
Construction
The seven million bricks used in the construction of the viaduct were made from clay excavated from the nearby village of Bures. It was built to carry a double track but only a single was laid. The bridge was built by Peter Bruff between 1847 and 1849 for the Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury & Halstead Railway (later part of the Great Eastern Railway).[1][2][3]
The railway initially planned to build the viaduct with laminated timber but Bruff opted for brick to reduce the cost.[4] He debated the cost benefits of brick compared to timber with the Great Western Railway's chief engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel after a lecture at the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1850, Brunel being strongly in favour of using timber. Bruff went on to commission a painting of the viaduct by Frederick Brett Russell, which is now held by Ipswich Museum.[5] Sources differ on the cost of construction; E.A. Labrum gives the cost as £21,000, while Historic England state a figure of £32,000 (both 1849).[1][5]
A foundation stone in pier 21 was laid by the railway company's chairman and deputy chairman at the start of works in September 1847 and newly minted coins were placed inside as a souvenir. The stone and coins disappeared within a few hours of being placed and a bricklayer was later arrested, having tried to pay at a bar with a new half sovereign,[6] but was not convicted of the theft due to insufficient evidence.[2]
Listing
The viaduct was designated a grade II listed building on 27 November 1967.[1][2] It is the longest bridge in East Anglia[5][7] and is reputed to be the second-largest brick-built structure in England (after Battersea Power Station in London).[4]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 Historic England. "The Viaduct (1238766)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
- 1 2 3 Biddle, Gordon. Britain's Historic Railway Buildings: A Gazetteer of Structures (Second ed.). Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing. p. 236. ISBN 9780711034914.
- ↑ Bruff, P. (1850). "Description of the Chapple Viaduct, Upon the Colchester and Stour Valley Extension, of the Eastern Counties Railway". Minutes of the Proceedings 9 (1850): 287. doi:10.1680/imotp.1850.24162.
- 1 2 "Chappel Viaduct". BBC. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
- 1 2 3 Labrum, E.A. (1994). "South Suffolk and Essex". Civil Engineering Heritage: Eastern and central England. London: Thomas Telford Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 9780727719706.
- ↑ Biddle, Gordon (2003). Britain's Historic Railway Buildings: An Oxford Gazetteer of Structures and Sites (First ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 199. ISBN 9780198662471.
- ↑ "Chappel Viaduct". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
External links
Media related to Chappel Viaduct at Wikimedia Commons