Charlevoix, Michigan

This article is about the city in Michigan. For other uses of “Charlevoix”, see Charlevoix (disambiguation).
Charlevoix, Michigan
City

Aerial view of the town from above Lake Michigan; the small lake in the center is Round Lake and the larger one in the background is Lake Charlevoix.

Location in the state of Michigan
Coordinates: 45°19′5″N 85°15′30″W / 45.31806°N 85.25833°W / 45.31806; -85.25833Coordinates: 45°19′5″N 85°15′30″W / 45.31806°N 85.25833°W / 45.31806; -85.25833
Country United States
State Michigan
County Charlevoix
Government
 • Mayor Norman (Boogie) Carlson
Area[1]
 • Total 2.17 sq mi (5.62 km2)
 • Land 2.05 sq mi (5.31 km2)
 • Water 0.12 sq mi (0.31 km2)
Elevation 594 ft (181 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 2,513
 • Estimate (2012[3]) 2,520
 • Density 1,225.9/sq mi (473.3/km2)
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 49711, 49720
Area code(s) 231
FIPS code 26-14780[4]
GNIS feature ID 0623115[5]
Website http://www.cityofcharlevoix.org/

Charlevoix /ˈʃɑːrləvɔɪ/ is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,513 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Charlevoix County.[6]

Charlevoix Township is a separate municipal entity that completely surrounds the city and has a year-round population of 1,697. Typical of Northern Michigan towns, Charlevoix has a much higher seasonal tourist population in the summer.

Transportation

Water

The short Pine River flows through downtown, past the Charlevoix South Pier Light Station, and into Lake Michigan

The city is situated between Lake Michigan and the western end of Lake Charlevoix, which drains into Lake Michigan through the short Round Lake/Pine River complex in the heart of downtown Charlevoix. The Charlevoix South Pier Light Station marks the opening of the channel onto Lake Michigan. Charlevoix's Round Lake has been called the best natural harbor on Lake Michigan. The only way to get from Lake Michigan to East Jordan, Boyne City and other sites on Lake Charlevoix by boat is via Charlevoix. As a result, much commercial, industrial, and recreational boat traffic passes through Charlevoix.

U.S. Coast Guard Station

The city of Charlevoix has a U.S. Coast Guard station located in its vicinity. Station Charlevoix has served the waters of Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan for over one hundred years. The station was first sited in 1898 on the south break wall of the Pine River Channel, leading into Lake Michigan. It was officially commissioned as a United States Lifesaving Service Station July 5, 1900. During the early 1960s, the station was relocated to its present-day location along the Pine River Channel's Lake Charlevoix end. The area of response for Station Charlevoix runs from Cross Village down to Leland, extending into Lake Michigan through Beaver Island and the North and South Fox Islands, and covers numerous inland lakes and waterways. Spring through late fall the 41' UTB and the 25' RB-S are in operation and during the winter months, the 14' ice skiff is put into operation. There is also a U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla based at the Station. Some USCG Auxiliary surface facilities are occasionally moored at Station Charlevoix.

Major highways

The US-31–Island Lake Outlet Bridge, a bascule bridge in Charlevoix that carries US 31

Bus

Rail

Charlevoix Depot Museum is housed in the original train station; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Regular intercity passenger train service ended on September 1, 1962 after the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) discontinued Traverse City, Michigan – Charlevoix – Petoskey, Michigan service. Freight rail service ended between Charlevoix and Williamsburg, Michigan in 1982 after Chessie System abandoned the track. The state of Michigan purchased the track between Charlevoix and Petoskey from the Chessie System Railroads and contracted Michigan Northern Railway to operate it. This section of track was removed in the 1990s because of a series of washouts and no rail freight customers in Charlevoix. Sections of this rail line now serve as a bicycle trail. The Charlevoix railroad depot has been adapted as a museum of the Charlevoix Historical Society.

Air

History

Charlevoix is named after Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, a French explorer who travelled the Great Lakes and was said to have stayed the night on Fisherman's Island during a harsh storm. During this time Native Americans were thought to have lived in the Pine River valley. The Odawa and Ojibwe lived throughout northern Michigan prior to European colonization.

Settlement

Charlevoix became the county seat in 1869 when Charlevoix County was formed, but by 1876, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad had built a line north to Petoskey with stops in Boyne Falls and Melrose. This link to cities in lower Michigan brought increased population to Charlevoix County, and new political power to the eastern part of the county.

Charlevoix became the county seat in 1869 when Charlevoix County was formed, but by 1876, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad had built a line north to Petoskey with stops in Boyne Falls and Melrose. This link to cities in lower Michigan brought increased population to Charlevoix County, and new political power to the eastern part of the county.

European-American settlement of Charlevoix was initially by fishermen, who were there by 1852.[10] Soon after its formation in the 1850s, the residents of Charlevoix entered into a short-lived conflict with Jesse Strang, leader and namesake of the Strangite Mormons, and then self-proclaimed 'king' of Beaver Island. Relations between Charlevoix residents and the Strangites were often tense. In 1853, a gunfight broke out between the two groups as the townspeople refused to hand over a man who was called for jury duty on the island, an event known locally as The Battle of Pine River. Strang was assassinated on June 20, 1856.

Portion of the historic Chicago Club, one of the several large resort communities that developed in Charlevoix around the turn of the 20th century.

The Homestead Act of 1862 brought many Civil War veterans and speculators to Northern Michigan. It sold 160-acre tracts of land for $1.25 an acre. .

In 1864, settlers built a large dock at the mouth of the Pine River on Lake Michigan. Boats there were exposed to the harsh vicissitudes of Great Lakes weather, so local entrepreneurs sought to connect Lake Michigan to an inland harbor at Round Lake. The Pine River channel was dredged in 1869,[11] connecting Lake Michigan to Lake Charlevoix.[12][13]

In 1866, early settler John S. Dixon completed plats of the entire town (then called "Pine River"), showing that he owned most of the land.[14] By 1867, Charlevoix had its first boarding house, the Fountain City House [15] Charlevoix became the county seat in 1869 when Charlevoix County was formed. In 1876, Charlevoix was declared a port of entry and became one of the busiest ports on the Great Lakes.[12] Lumber mills proliferated as the forests along Lake Charlevoix could finally be harvested.

In 1876, John Nichols consolidated Charlevoix lumber operations into the Charlevoix Lumber Company, and it became a Charlevoix institution for decades. At its height in the late 1800s, the company annually shipped out more than 40 million board feet of lumber before it stripped much of the peninsula.[16] For many years Charlevoix was a fueling stop for the wood-powered steamships on Lake Michigan.[14] Charlevoix incorporated as a village in 1879.[10] In October 1884, East Jordan to be the county seat, followed by Boyne City becoming the county seat in 1886. Charlevoix became the county seat again in 1894.[17] The Argo Milling Company was built in 1886 along the Pine River. By 1914, many small businesses were established along Bridge Street.

In the 1880s, several professors from the University of Chicago formed the Chicago Club Summer Home association. They contributed to the founding of such early institutions as the Lewis Grand Opera House (1883) and Methodist (1878) and Congregational (1885) churches.[16]

Early rail era (1890s - 1918)

In 1892, the first rail traffic to Charlevoix arrived as the Chicago and West Michigan Railway extended rail service from Traverse city to Bay View. (This is not related to the 1901 Detroit and Charlevoix Railroad line to East Jordan). The Detroit-based D.M. Ferry Seed Company expanded their operations in Northern Michigan, developing the land along Lake Charlevoix in 1892. They built a 200' dock and warehouse complex there by 1905. Ferry's Charlevoix operations continued until 1927.[18]

The rail also brought tourist traffic during the summer. It was not long before the city became known as a resort destination. With three summer associations (the Belvedere Club, Sequanota Club, and the Chicago Club); a number of luxurious summer hotels, including The Inn and The Beach; and rail service at two train depots on the Pere Marquette Railway line (one depot for the Belvedere Club on the south side of Round Lake and one on the north side near the Chicago Club); Charlevoix became known as one of the nation's finest summer communities.

Charlevoix was once a popular destination for many lake passenger liners, including the Manitou, Alabama, North American, South American, Milwaukee Clipper, Illinois, and others.

Interwar Era (1919–1945)

Northern Michigan continued to be a resort destination after WWI.

Beginning in 1918 real estate agent, regional promotor, and self-taught architect Earl Young began to design and build his signature "mushroom houses" and other buildings out of locally harvested boulders.

In 1925, members of the Charlevoix Summer Resort Association decided their existing social club needed a golf course. The members called on Scotsman William Watson, who was working across town as head pro of the Chicago Club. Watson’s resume included working on such layouts like Interlachen Country Club in Minneapolis, Harding Park Golf Club, and the Olympic Club in San Francisco. At Belvedere he used five teams of horses and 150 men to build 18 holes through a pair of valleys dissected by Marion Center Rd. just south of town. Opened in 1927, the course soon became a respected tournament venue.

In 1918, Albert Loeb, an executive from the Sears corporation in Chicago, built an experimental farm on the southern outskirts of Charlevoix. Known as Loeb Farms, the farm raised prizewinning cattle sold through the Sears Catalog. In its heyday it was the primary employer in Charlevoix County.[19] Loeb's son became involved in an infamous murder trial (the Leopold and Loeb trial). During the trial, Scopes trial lawyer Clarence Darrow arrived at the Charlevoix train station to visit the Loeb family at Loeb Farms. Albert Loeb died in 1924 and the farm closed in 1927 after a three-year agricultural recession.[19]

During Prohibition, Charlevoix became a popular place for gang members from the Chicago area. The Colonial Club, a restaurant and gambling joint on the city's north side became known as a popular place for the Midwest's most powerful and influential. John Koch, the club's owner, kept automobile license number "2", only second to the governor – a telling sign of his influence.

In the early 1930s photographer and historian Bob Miles began a 42-year career documenting the city of Charlevoix and surrounding areas.[20][21][22][23]

On March 9, 1935, The Petoskey Kiwanis Club sponsored a charter meeting of the Charlevloix Kiwanis Club. In 1939, the Charlevoix Kiwanis Club created Boy Scout Troop 11.[24] Troop 1l is the second oldest Boy Scout troop in Northern Michigan.[24]

The converted lumber barge Keuka served as a blind pig and speakeasy and sailed nightly between Boyne City and Charlevoix, hosting its guests in relative comfort. A murder aboard the ship and the pressure of US Treasury Department surveillance, however, forced the owner to scuttle the vessel in Lake Charlevoix.

Several bridges had been built to cross the Pine River. A drawbridge was planned to be built in 1940, but due to Pearl Harbor, the completion of the current Charlevoix drawbridge bridge was delayed until 1947.[25]

Post WWII era

The City of Charlevoix suffered economically during the decades after WWII, due to industrial restructuring and changes in fashion, as people used automobiles and airplanes to travel to new tourist destinations. The manufacturing base was displaced with jobs moved elsewhere, the train lines to the city ceased operating, and the larger tourist hotels closed due to competition from other locations. Many empty buildings were left downtown. Several large corporations, such as the nuclear power plant and the cement plant, set up operations in the early 1960s and spurred economic development in the area.

In the 1960s, the lifesaving station was relocated from along the channel to the east part of Round Lake.[26]

Charlevoix City Hall

November 18, 1958, Charlevoix City Hall served as a makeshift morgue for the bodies of crewmen of the SS Carl D. Bradley after the lake freighter foundered in Lake Michigan during a severe storm. The USCGC Sundew, stationed at Charlevoix, was one of the first vessels to arrive at the search area and played a pivotal role in that night's rescue of the two surviving crewmen.

Charlevoix was home to Michigan's first nuclear power plant, Big Rock Point, which operated from 1962 to 1997.

On January 7, 1971 an unarmed USAF B-52C-45-BO, 54-2666, of the 9th BW, Westover AFB, Massachusetts, crashed into Lake Michigan near Charlevoix during a practice bomb run, exploding on impact.[27] Only a small amount of wreckage, two life vests, and some spilled fuel were found in Little Traverse Bay. The bomber went down six nautical miles from the Bay Shore Air Force Radar Site and close to the Big Rock Point Nuclear Plant. Nine crew KWF.[27]

In 1960s, the Medusa corporation decided to build their first greenfield cement plant. they build a cement plant in Charlevoix that came on line in 1967. The plant is located south of town off of US 31 near Fisherman's Island State Park. In the late 1970s, Crane Company took over Medusa and began consolidating operations. This not only resulted in modernization and investment in the Charlevoix plant, but personnel (and their families) from other Crane cement holdings were transferred into the Charlevoix area in the late 1970s and early 1980s. . In the late 1990s the cement plant was bought out by Cemex, a transnational company from Mexico. In 2000 Cemex sold the plant to St Marys Cement Group. Until 2013 the cement plant was a frequent port of call for the oldest freighter on the great lakes, SS St. Marys Challenger.

In 1965 the Loeb Farms complex that had been fallow since 1927, was turned into a medieval castle tourist attraction by John Van Haver . This venture quickly folded and was bought by the Reibel family in 1969. For the next ~25 years, the Castle Farms complex hosted large rock concerts. In 1974, Terry and Judy Edger [28] opened WVOY-AM in Charlevoix. WVOY was a 5,000-watt daytime-only station at 1270 kHz on the AM dial. WVOY was one of the first all-contemporary-hit-music radio stations in northern Michigan and featured Bill Vogel ("The Captain," formerly of Detroit's WDRQ), John Yaroch, Rick Durkin, and other major-market-quality talent. Despite WVOY's limited signal, the station became extremely popular and gave northern Michigan listeners a taste of the "big city" radio sound.

1980s and 1990s

In May 1980, former WVOY employee Tim Moore [29] started the WKHQ-FM "The Rhythm of the Northwest" radio station in downtown Charlevoix using TM Programming's "Stereo Rock" format. Despite moving its studios to Petoskey in the 1990s, WKHQ is still licensed as being from Charlevoix. The station was mentioned by Casey Casem several times on American Top 40 radio program in the 1980s.[30]

The 1980s brought many condominium developments in the area.

After the 1996 murder of JonBenét Ramsey, who spent her summers in Charlevoix and had won a pageant in the town, Charlevoix became a regular haven for tabloid photographers, hoping to catch a glimpse of the Ramsey family. John Ramsey, JonBenet's father and husband of the late Patsy Ramsey, still resides in Charlevoix.

For a list of historical landmarks, see Charlevoix County.[31]

Special events

Tourism

View of downtown Charlevoix
View of Round Lake from downtown Charlevoix

Charlevoix bills itself as "Charlevoix the Beautiful" on its promotional literature and on municipal signs around the city. This moniker was also the name of a book by prominent local "stone house" architect Earl Young.[35][36][37]

Nearby Northern Michigan tourist destinations are:

Media and culture

Charlevoix is primarily served by four newspapers: the Charlevoix Courier, the Petoskey News Review, the Traverse City Record-Eagle, and the Detroit Free Press. Most television and radio stations are based in Traverse City and serve all of the Northern Michigan region including Charlevoix.

Charlevoix has one movie tri-plex theater embedded within its downtown and no big box shopping outlets except for Kmart, having outlawed them after refusing Wal-Mart's proposed store on the edge of the city.

There is a community pool on the north side of town and a bowling alley on the south side near the Charlevoix Municipal Airport. Typical of small towns, high school athletic events are an integral part of Charlevoix's culture. During the winter, the town's basketball team draws much of the locals' attention.

Recently, a skate park was built on the south side of town with the help of donations. The Charlevoix Community Skatepark opened in 2006. The park is supervised by Cameron Canupp and Laura Stebe and helmets are required. Skateboards, Inline Skates and BMX bikes are allowed.

Several notable golf courses are built around Charlevoix: Belvedere Golf Club, Charlevoix Country Club, Dunmaglas, Antrim Dells, and the nine-hole Charlevoix Municipal Golf Course, which was once eighteen holes as part of the Chicago Club.

Skiing in the area is common winter sport in Northern Michigan, with the closest resort being Boyne Mountain near Boyne City.

Charlevoix used to be a "one stoplight town" until it received a second stoplight in the 1980s at the intersection of M-66 and US 31.

Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Joe Henry, who spent much of his childhood in Michigan, includes a song entitled 'Charlevoix' on his 1990 album Shuffletown.

Notable people

Geography

Climate

This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Charlevoix has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[50]

Climate data for Charlevoix, Michigan (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 54
(12)		 65
(18)		 83
(28)		 88
(31)		 94
(34)		 96
(36)		 99
(37)		 97
(36)		 95
(35)		 86
(30)		 74
(23)		 63
(17)		 99
(37)
Average high °F (°C) 29.1
(−1.6)		 30.5
(−0.8)		 38.1
(3.4)		 50.9
(10.5)		 62.1
(16.7)		 71.0
(21.7)		 76.3
(24.6)		 76.1
(24.5)		 70.4
(21.3)		 56.9
(13.8)		 45.7
(7.6)		 34.3
(1.3)		 53.4
(11.9)
Average low °F (°C) 18.2
(−7.7)		 17.4
(−8.1)		 22.7
(−5.2)		 34.4
(1.3)		 44.3
(6.8)		 54.7
(12.6)		 61.1
(16.2)		 60.8
(16)		 53.7
(12.1)		 42.8
(6)		 34.5
(1.4)		 24.5
(−4.2)		 39.1
(3.9)
Record low °F (°C) −22
(−30)		 −33
(−36)		 −19
(−28)		 3
(−16)		 0
(−18)		 32
(0)		 41
(5)		 37
(3)		 32
(0)		 0
(−18)		 8
(−13)		 −8
(−22)		 −33
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.34
(59.4)		 1.65
(41.9)		 1.85
(47)		 2.49
(63.2)		 2.91
(73.9)		 2.81
(71.4)		 2.44
(62)		 3.37
(85.6)		 3.53
(89.7)		 3.75
(95.3)		 2.65
(67.3)		 2.67
(67.8)		 32.46
(824.5)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 34.1
(86.6)		 21.4
(54.4)		 13.5
(34.3)		 4.5
(11.4)		 0.2
(0.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.5
(1.3)		 8.7
(22.1)		 34.4
(87.4)		 117.3
(298)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 18.4 12.7 10.7 10.8 11.7 10.8 9.4 11.7 13.0 15.9 15.3 18.3 158.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 16.3 10.8 7.2 2.5 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.6 5.4 14.7 57.7
Source: NOAA[51]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1880512—
18901,496192.2%
19002,07939.0%
19102,42016.4%
19202,218−8.3%
19302,2471.3%
19402,2992.3%
19502,69517.2%
19602,7512.1%
19703,51927.9%
19803,296−6.3%
19903,116−5.5%
20002,994−3.9%
20102,513−16.1%
Est. 20142,529[52]0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[53]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 2,513 people, 1,266 households, and 651 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,225.9 inhabitants per square mile (473.3/km2). There were 2,201 housing units at an average density of 1,073.7 per square mile (414.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.2% White, 1.2% African American, 2.0% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 1,266 households of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.6% were non-families. 42.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.61.

The median age in the city was 48.1 years. 17.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 23.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census

As of the census [4] of 2000, there were 2,994 people, 1,375 households, and 812 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,465.8 per square mile (566.7/km2). There were 2,096 housing units at an average density of 1,026.2 per square mile (396.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.92% White, 0.27% African American, 2.84% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.43% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.

There were 1,375 households out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.6% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,284, and the median income for a family was $42,853. Males had a median income of $31,544 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,319. About 3.7% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.

Current issues

Real Estate: Charlevoix, like many Michigan resort towns, is starting to see a real estate rebound as summer sales for the City Limits increased year over year with strong 2014 sales. Low inventory (within the City Limits) and increased interest has pushed prices higher. The outlook for 2015 Summer Inventory again is expected to be low and it is believed again to be a seller's market in 2015.

Charlevoix has recently begun to contend with the prospect of urban sprawl. Following the construction of a K-mart plaza development in the 1990s, many businesses and the post office moved to this area. There was significant controversy in the 1990s over the decision to extend water pipes into rural farmland south of Charlevoix in order to build a new Charlevoix High School.[54][55][56] In the early 2000s, Charlevoix, led by Green Party Drain Commissioner JoAnne Beemon, successfully fought off a bid by Walmart to open a store along this new water pipeline on the south edge of town.[57][58]

From 2006 to 2008, Charlevoix has offered to host the LaSalle-Griffon Project, a project that seeks to the ruins of a shipwreck that may be Le Griffon.[59]

In late 2012, Charlevoix has a local controversy about an Onaway Stone fireplace that was donated and being constructed in east park with an annual operating cost of $6,700.00.[60]

Images

Notes

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  2. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  3. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
  4. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  7. ↑ "Charlevoix County Transit System". Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  8. ↑ "GRAND RAPIDS-CADILLAC-TRAVERSE CITY-PETOSKEY" (PDF). Indian Trails. January 15, 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  9. ↑ "Pellston Regional Airport". Pellstonairport.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  10. 1 2 Romig, Walter Michigan Place Names (Grosse Point: Walter Romig publisher, not dated), p. 111
  11. ↑ "Historical photo for March 7 - Charlevoix Courier: Community". petoskeynews.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  12. 1 2 Project, F.W. Michigan: A Guide to the Wolverine State. US History Publishers. p. 520. ISBN 9781603540216. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  13. ↑ "MDOT - US-31 / Island Lake Outlet". michigan.gov. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  14. 1 2 "Settling Charlevoix | Park Avenue Prowl". charlevoixparkavenue.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  15. ↑ http://www.charlevoixlibrary.org/sites/default/files/RogerGowell/Nettleton/nettleton-synopsis.htm In 1867 the Fountain City House was commenced as a hotel or boarding house.
  16. 1 2 "Historical photo for Feb. 28 - Charlevoix Courier: Community". petoskeynews.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  17. ↑ Harris, William (1905). Biographical History of Northern Michigan, Containing Biographies of Prominent Citizens. BF Bowne and Co. pp. 490–493. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  18. ↑
  19. 1 2 "History of Castle Farms in Charlevoix, Michigan | Castle Farms History". castlefarms.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  20. ↑ "Charlevoix Historical Society - Charlevoix, Michigan". chxhistory.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  21. ↑ "sites/default/files/RogerGowell/Miles/miles-peg". charlevoixlibrary.org. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  22. ↑ "Robert Miles Collection c.00610". archives.msu.edu. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  23. ↑ "Historical society to repeat Bob Miles program - Petoskey News". articles.petoskeynews.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  24. 1 2 "Kiwanis Club of Charlevoix Michigan Website". charlevoixkiwanis.org. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  25. ↑ "The Weathervane Inn, in foreground on right, was the homely Argo Mill, below, until it came into the grasp of Earl Young's love affair with the beauty of boulders, ever-changing Lake Michigan, the majesty of sea gull flight and other natural wonders of Charlevoix.". charlevoixlibrary.org. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  26. ↑
  27. 1 2 Redlands, California: Redlands Daily Facts, United Press International, Unarmed B-52 crashes into Lake Michigan, January 8, 1971, page one.
  28. ↑ "Petoskey News-Review, March 5, 1999". cainsquestion.org. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  29. ↑ " ". audiencedevelopmentgroup.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  30. ↑ Battistini, P. (2010). American Top 40 with Casey Kasem (the 1980s). AuthorHouse. p. 437. ISBN 9781452050386. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  31. ↑ "Michigan Historical Markers". Michmarkers.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  32. ↑ "The Petunia Story. " Keep Charlevoix Beautiful. Oct 29, 2008 <http://www.keepcharlevoixbeautiful.org/petunia-story.html>.
  33. ↑ "Home. " Charlevoix Venetian Festival. charlevoix Venetian Festival Inc.. Oct 29, 2008 <http://www.venetianfestival.com/>.
  34. ↑ "Car Raffle". Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  35. ↑ "Visit Charlevoix, Michigan | Charlevoix the Beautiful! | Great Lakes Tourism". charlevoixlodging.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  36. ↑ "Historical Collections - Earl Young - Boulder Architect - Charlevoix the Beautiful". web.archive.org. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  37. ↑
  38. ↑ "HortonBayGeneralStore.com". HortonBayGeneralStore.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  39. ↑ "http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19860607&id=9NlVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3501,1494396 http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-09/sports/sp-14213_1_barry-j-maron". External link in |title= (help)
  40. ↑ "Runner, 24, Dies After Training - NYTimes.com". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  41. ↑ "The Drenth family holds a special place in Michigan running culture
  42. ↑ "IAAF World Cross Country Championships - 1984 SENIOR MEN". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  43. ↑ Jeff Drenth Memorial Race: A Quarter Century of Tradition, Central Michigan University Athletics.
  44. ↑ "Jeff Drenth, Venetian Races home page". Venetianraces.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  45. ↑ "Wedding Venues in Michigan | Best Destination Weddings | Castle Farms". castlefarms.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  46. ↑ "Traverse City Record-Eagle - News Story - www.record-eagle.com". Static.record-eagle.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  47. ↑ "Wander Charlevoix's Castle Farms - MyNorth.com". mynorth.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  48. ↑ "leopoldandloeb.com". leopoldandloeb.com. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  49. ↑ Hyster-Honig, Joan (November 14, 1993). "Do Gnomes Live Here? Life by the hearth never dull in builder Earl Young's fanciful stone abodes". Ann Arbor News. Archived from the original on February 19, 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
  50. ↑ Climate Summary for Charlevoix, Michigan
  51. ↑ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
  52. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  53. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  54. ↑ Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  55. ↑ "Of Farmland and the Future" (PDF). Little Traverse Conservancy quarterly 24 (2). 1 August 2003. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  56. ↑ Archived February 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  57. ↑ "http://www.thisisourtown.org/". thisisourtown.org. Retrieved 2014-12-06. External link in |title= (help)
  58. ↑ Archived February 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  59. ↑ "LaSalle-Griffon.org". Greatlakesexploration.org. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  60. ↑ "Charlevoix City Council puts fireplace project on hold". Petoskey News (Charlevoix, Michigan). September 4, 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

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