June sucker
| June sucker | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Catostomidae |
| Genus: | Chasmistes |
| Species: | C. liorus |
| Binomial name | |
| Chasmistes liorus D. S. Jordan, 1878 | |
The June sucker (Chasmistes liorus) is an endangered species of fish endemic to Utah Lake and the Provo River in the U.S. state of Utah. It is a gray or brownish fish with a paler belly, growing up to about 24 in (61 cm). It lives alongside the Utah sucker, which has a much wider range, and because the populations of both fish having been much reduced by fishing, other species such as the common carp have been introduced into the lake. As a result, the June sucker has become "critically endangered" as the pure species is lost as a result of hybridisation with the Utah sucker, and predatory fish feed on its larvae. Conservation measures have been put in place and fish are being raised in a fish hatchery for reintroduction.
Description
It is a member of the sucker family Catostomidae, and occurs in sympatry with the benthic Utah sucker Catostomus ardens. Unlike most other suckers, the June sucker is not a bottom-feeder. Its mouth is more rostrally-oriented, allowing it to collect zooplankton from the mid-water. The fish is dark gray or brownish dorsally, with a white or slightly greenish belly. It has a life span of over 40 years. Typical specimens range from 17 to 24 inches and reach a weight of 5 lbs.
Distribution
The June sucker is known only from Utah Lake in the United States and its feeder streams and the adjacent Provo River.[1]
Status
This species was once plentiful in its native lake. Some contributions to its decline include predation on its young by introduced species such as the common carp and walleye, pollution and turbidity, drought, alteration of water flow, and loss of some native vegetation. It also hybridises with the Utah sucker (Catostomus ardens) and there may be no remaining unhybridised fish.[1]
Biologists have been rearing the June sucker in Red Butte Reservoir, and more recently in the Springville, Utah fish hatchery which had been closed due to an outbreak of whirling disease. As whirling disease does not affect June sucker, the hatchery was reopened to house the June sucker. After the June sucker grow to a certain size, they are released into Utah Lake to help build the population.
The June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program coordinates and implements recovery actions for the June sucker.
References
- 1 2 3 NatureServe (2011). "Chasmistes liorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program
- Species Profile for June sucker. US Fish & Wildlife Service.
- June sucker Utah Conservation Data Center.
- June Sucker Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission.
- Endangered June suckers now raised at second hatchery. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.
- Geographic patterns of genetic variation in Utah sucker. Utah sucker genetics.