Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry residue has several meanings that are only indirectly related to the everyday meaning, namely: whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events.
Remnants or secondary effects
In this application the commonly familiar sense remains: a residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.
Food safety
Toxic chemical residues, wastes or contamination from other processes, are a concern in food safety. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) have guidelines for detecting chemical residues that are possibly dangerous to consume.[1][2]
Characterisic units within a molecule
Residue may refer to an atom or a group of atoms that forms part of a molecule, such as a methyl group.
Biochemistry
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a residue refers to a specific monomer within the polymeric chain of a polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid. One might say, "This protein consists of 118 amino acid residues" or "The histidine residue is considered to be basic because it contains an imidazole ring." Note that a residue is different from a moiety, which, in the above example would be constituted by the imidazole ring or the imidazole moiety.
The concept that suggested this term is presumably the nature of the condensation reaction by which such classes of monomeric building blocks, such as amino acids or monosaccharides, are strung together to form a polymeric chain, such as a polysaccharide or a peptide; some atoms, typically in the form of a water molecule, are discarded from each building block, leaving only a "residue" of the building block, that ends up in the finished product. A residue might be one amino acid in a polypeptide or one monosaccharide in a starch molecule.
References
- ↑ "Drug & Chemical Residues Methods". U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- ↑ "Chemical Residues / Microbiology - Food". Canadian Food Inspection Agency.