Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)

Chief of the Australian Defence Force
Incumbent Mark Binskin since 30 June 2014
Style	Admiral General Air Chief Marshal
Member of	Australian Defence Force
Reports to	Minister of Defence
Term length	Four years (renewable)[1]
Inaugural holder	Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells
Formation	23 March 1958

The Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) is the professional head of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the most senior uniformed military adviser to the Minister of Defence. The CDF commands the ADF under the direction of the Minister of Defence and provides advice on matters that relate to military activity, including military operations.^[2] In a diarchy with the Secretary of the Department of Defence, the CDF shares control of the Australian Defence Organisation.^[3] The CDF is the Australian equivalent position of what in NATO and the European Union is known as the Chief of Defence, in the United Kingdom is known as the Chief of the Defence Staff, and in the United States is known as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, although with the latter prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the US Armed Forces.^[4]

Constitutionally, the Sovereign's Australian representative, the Governor-General of Australia, is the de jure Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. However, in practice, the Australian Government de facto exercises executive power via the Federal Executive Council.^[5] The CDF is appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of his/her ministers. The appointment is politically neutral, as are all military positions, and not affected by a change of government.

Since 4 July 2014, the CDF is appointed for a fixed four-year term under the Defence Act (1903). Prior to this date, the appointment was for three years.^[1] The position of CDF is notionally rotated between the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force. However, in practice this has not been the case; of eighteen appointees, nine have been from the Army, five from the Navy and four from the Air Force.^[6] The current Chief of the Defence Force is Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin.

During peacetime, the Chief of the Defence Force is the only four-star officer in the ADF (admiral, general, or air chief marshal). The CDF is assisted by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) and the service chiefs: the Chief of Navy (CN), Chief of Army (CA), and Chief of Air Force (CAF), all of whom are three-star officers (vice admiral, lieutenant general, and air marshal).

History

Prior to 1958 there was no CDF or equivalent; a Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) existed but no separate position was established as its senior officer. Instead, the senior service chief served as Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.^[7] In March 1958, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells was appointed Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, a role independent of and notionally senior to the Army, Navy and Air Force chiefs. However, Wells and his successors did not command the Australian armed forces in any legal sense; the chairman had only an advisory role in the running of the separate services. In February 1976, COSC was dissolved and the new position of Chief of Defence Force Staff (CDFS) was created with command authority over the ADF. In October 1984 the position was renamed Chief of the Defence Force to more clearly reflect the role and its authority.^[8]

Appointments

The following list chronologically records those who have held the post of Chief of the Defence Force or its preceding positions. The official title of the position at that period of time is listed immediately before the officers who held the role. The honours are as at the completion of the individual's term.

Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells, the first Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee

Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick Scherger, the first Defence chief promoted to four-star rank

General Sir Phillip Bennett, the first CDF and the last Defence chief knighted in office

Rank	Name	Post-nominals	Service	Term began	Term ended	Time in appointment
Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee
Lieutenant General	Wells, HenrySir Henry Wells	KBE, CB, DSO	Army	23 March 1958	22 March 1959	364 days
Vice Admiral	Dowling, Sir RoySir Roy Dowling	KBE, CB, DSO, RAN	RAN	23 March 1959	27 May 1961	2 years, 65 days
Air Chief Marshal	Scherger, Sir FrederickSir Frederick Scherger	KBE, CB, DSO, AFC	RAAF	28 May 1961	18 May 1966	4 years, 355 days
General	Wilton, JohnSir John Wilton	KBE, CB, DSO	Army	19 May 1966	22 November 1970	4 years, 187 days
Admiral	Smith, Sir VictorSir Victor Smith	AC, KBE, CB, DSC, RAN	RAN	23 November 1970	23 November 1975	5 years, 0 days
General	Hassett, FrankFrank Hassett	AC, CB, CBE, DSO, LVO	Army	24 November 1975	8 February 1976	76 days
Chief of Defence Force Staff
General	Hassett, Sir FrankSir Frank Hassett	AC, KBE, CB, DSO, LVO	Army	9 February 1976	20 April 1977	1 year, 70 days
General	MacDonald, Sir ArthurSir Arthur MacDonald	KBE, CB	Army	21 April 1977	20 April 1979	1 year, 364 days
Admiral	Synnot, Sir AnthonySir Anthony Synnot	KBE, AO, RAN	RAN	21 April 1979	20 April 1982	2 years, 364 days
Air Chief Marshal	McNamara, Sir NevilleSir Neville McNamara	KBE, AO, AFC, AE	RAAF	21 April 1982	12 April 1984	1 year, 357 days
General	Bennett, Sir PhillipSir Phillip Bennett	AC, KBE, DSO	Army	13 April 1984	25 October 1984	195 days
Chief of the Defence Force
General	Bennett, Sir PhillipSir Phillip Bennett	AC, KBE, DSO	Army	26 October 1984	12 April 1987	2 years, 168 days
General	Gration, PeterPeter Gration	AC, OBE	Army	13 April 1987	16 April 1993	6 years, 3 days
Admiral	Beaumont, AlanAlan Beaumont	AC, RAN	RAN	17 April 1993	6 July 1995	2 years, 80 days
General	Baker, JohnJohn Baker	AC, DSM	Army	7 July 1995	3 July 1998	2 years, 361 days
Admiral	Barrie, ChrisChris Barrie	AC, RAN	RAN	4 July 1998	3 July 2002	3 years, 364 days
General	Cosgrove, PeterPeter Cosgrove	AC, MC	Army	4 July 2002	3 July 2005	2 years, 364 days
Air Chief Marshal	Houston, AngusAngus Houston	AC, AFC	RAAF	4 July 2005	3 July 2011	5 years, 364 days
General	Hurley, DavidDavid Hurley	AC, DSC	Army	4 July 2011	30 June 2014	2 years, 361 days
Air Chief Marshal	Binskin, MarkMark Binskin	AC	RAAF	30 June 2014	Incumbent	1 years, 312 days

Living current and former Chiefs of the Defence Force

Rank	Name	Born
General	Sir Philip Bennett AC, KBE, DSO	27 December 1928 (age 87)
General	Peter Gration AC, OBE	6 January 1932 (age 84)
Admiral	Chris Barrie AC, RAN	29 May 1945 (age 70)
General	The Honourable Sir Peter Cosgrove AK, MC	28 July 1947 (age 68)
Air Chief Marshal	Sir Angus Houston AK, AFC	9 June 1947 (age 68)
General	The Honourable David Hurley AC, DSC	26 August 1953 (age 62)
Air Chief Marshal	Mark Binskin AC	20 March 1960 (age 56)

Timeline

References

1. "New Australian Defence Force Command Team" (Press release). Office of the Prime Minister of Australia. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
2. "Chief of the Defence Force – Roles and Responsibilities". Department of Defence. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
3. "The Secretary and Chief of the Defence Force – "the Diarchy"". Department of Defence. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
4. 10 USC 152. Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
5. "Federal Executive Council Handbook". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Commonwealth of Australia. September 2009. ISBN 0-9752387-2-8. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
6. "Chief of the Defence Force: Previous Chiefs". Department of Defence. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
7. Rowell, Full Circle, p. 178
8. Horner, David (2002). "The Evolution of Australian Higher Command Arrangements". Command Papers (Canberra: Centre for Defence Leadership Studies, Australian Defence College).

External links

• Australian Government. "Department of Defence". Commonwealth of Australia.
• "Defence Organisational Structure Chart" (PDF). Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. 21 September 2015.