Child soldiers in India

According to Peter Singer the use of child soldiers in India is a common occurrence and that up to seventeen militant factions use child soldiers in the Kashmir region.^[1] Radha Kumar says that nations which have massive poverty and are heavily reliant on an agricultural economy will produce militants which are usually uneducated and that in a region where a conflict is protracted, the use of child soldiers becomes a common occurrence.^[2] According to a report from the Conflict Study Center, child soldiers are used in Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Jammu and Kashmir; and that children were used by both the state and insurgents.^[3] Child soldiers also serve in the Indian armed forces.^[4] The use of child soldiers by the state and by non state actors is a violation of the Geneva convention and the Convention on the Rights of the Child^[5]

Chhattisgarh

In Chhattisgarh state, it is estimated that up to 90,000 children are involved in the ongoing Naxalite insurgency. The majority of children are used by militants, though government supported militias also use them.^[6] The Asian Legal Resource Centre has stated that human rights groups have voiced concerns over the use of child soldiers by the state and the Naxalites. According to them, up to 118 districts in India are facing armed insurrection and that child soldiers were used by both sides in these conflicts.^[7] Human rights watch has also accused the Indian security forces of using children as spies and messengers, although the Indian government denies this allegation.^[8] The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers report in 2008 stated that there was recruitment of children by state backed groups in the region.^[9] although the majority of child soldiers were used by militants.^[10]

References

1. Singer, Peter Warren (7 April 2006). Children at War. University of California Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0520248762.
2. Kumar, Radha (19 January 2012). Julian Lindley-French, Yves Boye, ed. The Oxford Handbook of War. Oxford University Press. p. 610. ISBN 978-0199562930.
3. Marg, Rohini; Purano Baneswar (16 December 2009). Child Soldiers: Crime against Humanity (PDF). Conflict Study Center. p. 13.
4. Aronowitz, Alexis A. (20 March 2009). Human Trafficking, Human Misery: The Global Trade in Human Beings. Praeger. p. 104. ISBN 978-0275994815.
5. Whitman, Shelly (19 June 2012). W Andy Knight; Frazer Egerton, eds. The Routledge Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect. Routledge. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-0415600750.
6. Rosen, David M. (23 April 2012). Child Soldiers. ABC-CLIO. p. 6. ISBN 978-1598845266.
7. Resource Centre, Asian Legal (7 September 2007). "India: Child soldiers being used as expendable pawns in armed conflicts". Asian Human Rights Commission.
8. Hartjen, Clayton; S. Priyadarsini (2011). The Global Victimization of Children: Problems and Solutions (2012 ed.). Springer. p. 106. ISBN 978-1461421788.
9. Doek, Jaap E. (2008). Child Soldiers Global Report 2008. Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. p. 170.
10. McCracken, Kevin; David R. Phillips (14 June 2012). Global Health: An Introduction to Current and Future Trends (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 244. ISBN 978-0415557573.