Chouchi

Chouchi (Chinese: 仇池; pinyin: Chóuchí ) is a Chinese local regime of the Di ethnicity in modern-day Gansu Province during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Southern and Northern Dynasties.^[1][2]

History

At the beginning of the 3rd century CE Yang Teng (楊騰), chieftain of the White Neck Di (白項氐), had occupied the southeast area of modern Gansu province, at the upper course of the Han River. His followers Yang Ju (楊駒) and Yang Qianwan (楊千萬) paid tribute to the emperors of the Cao-Wei Dynasty and were rewarded with the title of Prince (wáng 王).^[3][4] Yang Feilong (楊飛龍) shifted the center of the Chouchi realm back to Lüeyang, where his successor Yang Maosou (楊茂捜) reigned as independent king at the beginning of the 4th century. The Chouchi troops often plundered territories in the Central Plains to the east and abducted people there, but on the other side the troops of Eastern Jin and Former Zhao deprived the Chouchi empire of her inhabitants. In 322 Yang Nandi (楊難敵) suffered a defeat against Former Zhao and was degraded to Prince of Wudu (武都王) and Duke of Chouchi (仇池公). The next years are characterized by numerous internal struggles among the Yang clan and several throne usurpations. The rulers were not seen as mere regional inspectors (cishi 刺史) or governors (taishou 太守) of their region under the government of Jin.

In 371 Fu Jiàn, ruler of Former Qin attacked Chouchi, captured the ruler Yang Cuan (楊篡) and ended the period of Former Chouchi.

Yang Ding (楊定), a great-grandson of Yang Maosou and grandson of Fu Jiàn, resurrected the Chouchi kingdom in 385 with the capital at Licheng (歷城). His younger brother Yang Sheng (楊盛) was able to conquer the region Liangzhou (梁州) at the upper course of the Han River, and declared himself governor for the Jin Dynasty. Efforts to occupy the territory of modern Sichuan failed, but Chouchi controlled a great part of the modern provinces Gansu (east) and Shaanxi (south).

After 443 the lords of Chouchi were only puppet rulers controlled by the Northern Wei. Historians talk of the five realms of Chouchi (Chouchi wuguo 仇池五國): Former and Later Chouchi (Qianchouchi 前仇池, Houchouchi 後仇池), Yinping 陰平, Wudu 武都, and Wuxing 武興.^{[5] [6]}

Rulers

Chieftains, Dukes and Kings of Chouchi, Wuxing and Yinping (late 2nd century- mid 6th century)

Posthumous Names	Common names in Chinese characters	Durations of reigns or in office	Era names
First Phase of Chouchi (late 2nd century-371)
	楊騰 yang2 teng2	late 184 - 210
	楊駒 yang2 ju1	210 - 230
	楊千萬 yang2 qian1wan4	230 - 263
	楊飛龍 yang2 fei1long2	263 - 296
	楊茂搜 yang2 mao4sou1	296 - 317
	楊難敵 yang2 nan2di2	317-334
	楊毅 yang2 yi4	334-337
	楊初 yang2 chu1	337-355
	楊國 yang2 guo2	355-356
	楊俊 yang2 jun4	356-360
	楊世 yang2 shi4	360-370
	楊篡 yang2 cuan4	370-371
Second Phase of Chouchi 385-473
武王 wu3 wang2	楊定 yang2 ding4	385-394
惠文王 hui4 wen2 wang2	楊盛 yang2 sheng4	394-425
孝昭王 xiao4 zhao1 wang2	楊玄 yang2 xuan2	425-429
	楊保宗 yang2 bao3zong1	429 and 443
	楊難當 yang2 nan2dang1	429-441	Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 436-440
	楊保熾 yang2 bao3chi4	442-443
	楊文德 yang2 wen2de2	443-454
	楊元和 yang2 yuan2he2	455-466
	楊僧嗣 yang2 seng1si4	466-473
Kings of Wuxing 473-506 and 534-555
	楊文度 yang2 wen2du4	473-477
	楊文弘 yang2 wen2hong2	477-482
	楊後起 yang2 hou4qi3	482-486
An Wang (安王 an1 wang2)	楊集始 yang2 ji2shi3	482-503
	楊紹先 yang2 shao4xian1	503-506, 534-535
	楊智慧 yang2 zhi4hui4	535-545
	楊辟邪 yang2 bi4xie2	545-553
Note: Yang Zhi Hui and Yang Bi Xie could be the same person
Kings of Yinping 477- mid 6th century
	楊廣香 yang2 guang3xiang1	477-483?
	楊炯 yang2 jiong3	483-495
	楊崇祖 yang2 chong2zu3	495-before 502
	楊孟孫 yang2 meng4sun1	before 502-511
	楊定 yang2 ding4	511- ?

References

1. 《宋書》列傳第五十八
2. Scroll of 水經注, Circle of 卷三, part 河水
3. 抱朴子, part 內篇, section 仙藥
4. 漾水, particularly page 7
5. 抱朴子, part 內篇, section 仙藥
6. Era of 魏晉南北朝, Title 三國志, Part 吳書十, section 董襲傳

See also

• Di
• Wu Hu
• List of past Chinese ethnic groups