Choum

Choum
Commune and town
Choum Location in Mauritania
Coordinates: 21°18′N 13°01′W / 21.300°N 13.017°WCoordinates: 21°18′N 13°01′W / 21.300°N 13.017°W
Country	Mauritania
Region	Adrar Region
Department	Atar Department
Elevation	328.0 m (1,076.1 ft)
Population (2000)
• Total	2,735[1]
Time zone	UTC (UTC±00:00)

Choum is a town in northern Mauritania, lying in the Adrar Region close to the border with the Western Sahara (Non-Self-Governing Territory). Choum has a population of around 5,000.

History

The town grew from its position on trans-Saharan trading routes. It declined with the trade, and, in 1977, was attacked by French troops as a suspected base of the Polisario Front, the national liberation movement fighting for independence for the Western Sahara. Fortifications from the period survive around the town.

Transport

Choum is now a stop on the Mauritania Railway from Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast to Zouérat, and a transport interchange for access to the Adrar Plateau and the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott. It is the railway which has made Choum famous — or infamous — in the European colonial legacy to Africa.

National railway passing through foreign territory

Mauritania Railway route.

The town stands on a spur of land which carries the major turning-point in the border between Mauritania and the Western Sahara. In the early 1960s, the French colonial authorities in Mauritania wished to build the line from Nouadhibou to Zouérat to exploit the iron ore reserves at Zouérat. The Spanish authorities then responsible for the Western Sahara negotiated to allow the railway to be built through Spanish territory over relatively level desert but imposed conditions unacceptable to the French. The French engineers therefore built the line parallel with the border and tunneled through the Choum hillspur — two kilometres through solid granite just to stay within French territory. The tunnel has been called a "monument to European stupidity in Africa".^[2] The absurdity was highlighted when the southern part of the territory of Western Sahara was briefly administered by Mauritania after the Spanish withdrew in 1975/1976. The tunnel is no longer in use and a 5 km section of the railway cuts right through the POLISARIO controlled part of the Western Sahara (21°21′18″N 13°00′46″W / 21.354867°N 13.012644°W).

There are links by dirt track to Atar.

See also

• Railway stations in Mauritania
• National railway passing through foreign territory
• Enclave and exclave

References

1. "STATISTIQUES DEMOGRAPHIQUES : Résultats du RGPH 2000 des Wilayas" (in French). Retrieved August 9, 2013.
2. Griffiths (1986): 210

Griffiths, Ieuan (1986) The scramble for Africa: inherited political boundaries. The Geographical Journal 152 (2), 204-16.

External links

• MSN Map