Christiaan de Wet

Christiaan Rudolph de Wet
State President of the Orange Free State Acting
In office 30 May 1902 – 31 May 1902
Preceded by	Martinus Theunis Steyn
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Personal details
Born	7 October 1854[1] Smithfield, Orange Free State
Died	3 February 1922[1] Dewetsdorp, Orange Free State Province, Union of South Africa
Nationality	Afrikaner
Spouse(s)	Cornelia Margaretha Krüger
Profession	Farmer, Boer General, Politician
Religion	Calvinist
Military service
Allegiance	South African Republic (1880–1881, 1914)  Orange Free State (1899–1902)
Years of service	1880–1881, 1899–1902, 1914
Rank	First Boer War Commandant Second Boer War Burger (Outbreak) Acting commandant (October 1899) Veggeneraal (December 1899) Head Commandant (February 1900)
Commands	Natal and Transvaal Commandos
Battles/wars	Second Boer War Sanna's Post Reddersburg Maritz Rebellion
War	Second Boer War

Christiaan Rudolf de Wet (7 October 1854 – 3 February 1922) was a South African Boer general, rebel leader and politician.

He was born on the Leeuwkop farm, in the district of Smithfield in the Boer Republic of the Orange Free State.^[2] He later resided at Dewetsdorp, named after his father, Jacobus Ignatius de Wet.

De Wet is mentioned in Kipling's poem Ubique.^[3] He was a close personal friend of Helene Kröller-Müller who commissioned a statue of him in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in the Netherlands.^[4]

Military career

De Wet served in the first Anglo-Boer War of 1880–81 as a Field Cornet,^[2] taking part in the Battle of Majuba Mountain, in which the Boers achieved a victory over the British forces under Major General Sir George Pomeroy Colley. This eventually led to the end of the war and the reinstatement of the independence of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, more commonly known as the Transvaal Republic.

In the years between the First and Second Boer Wars, from 1881 to 1896, he lived on his farm, becoming a member of the Volksraad in 1897.^[2]

He took part in the early battles of the Boer War of 1899 in Natal as a commandant, later serving as a general under Piet Cronjé in the west. His first successful action was the surprise attack on Sanna's Post near Bloemfontein, which was followed a little later by the victory of Reddersburg. He came to be regarded as the most formidable leader of the Boers in their guerrilla warfare. Sometimes severely handled by the British, sometimes escaping only by the narrowest of margins from the columns which attempted to surround him and falling upon and annihilating isolated British posts, De Wet continued his successful career to the end of the war, striking heavily where he could and evading every attempt to bring him to bay.^[2] His brother Piet Daniel De Wet, another successful Boer general, was captured by the British in July 1901 and subsequently served against Christiaan as a member of the National Scouts (Boers serving with the British forces).^[5]

During the last phase of the war, the Afrikaner people of Winburg taunted the local British Army garrison with an English language parody of Sir Walter Scott's Bonnie Dundee.

De Wet he is mounted, he rides up the street

The English skedaddle an A1 retreat!

And the commander swore: They've got through the net

That's been spread with such care for Christiaan De Wet.

There are hills beyond Winburg and Boers on each hill

Sufficient to thwart ten generals' skill

There are stout-hearted burghers 10,000 men set

On following the Mausers of Christian De Wet.

Then away to the hills, to the veld, to the rocks

Ere we own a usurper we'll crouch with the fox

And tremble false Jingoes amidst all your glee

Ye have not seen the last of my Mausers and me!^[6]

Political career

De Wet took an active part in the peace negotiations of 1902. Briefly (30 to 31 May) he took on the role of Acting State President of the Orange Free State, when President Steyn had to leave the negotiations due to illness. De Wet was one of the signatories of the Treaty of Vereeniging. At the conclusion of the war he visited Europe with other Boer generals. While in England the generals unsuccessfully sought a modification of the peace terms concluded in Pretoria. De Wet wrote an account of his campaigns, an English version of which appeared in November 1902 under the title De Stryd tusschen Boer en Brit (Three Years War). In November 1907, he was elected a member of the first parliament of the Orange River Colony and was appointed minister of agriculture. In 1908-9 he was a delegate to the Closer Union Convention.^[2]

De Wet was one of the leaders of the Maritz Rebellion which broke out in 1914. He was defeated at Mushroom Valley by General Botha on 12 November 1914, taken prisoner by cmdt Jorrie Jordaan ( the commanding officer was Colonel Brits) on 1 December on a farm called Waterbury in the Nortwest province near Tosca. The general remarked: "Thank God it is not an Englishman who captured me after all " . He was sentenced to a term of six years imprisonment, with a fine of £2000. He was released after one year's imprisonment, after giving a written promise to take no further part in politics.

A monument/needle was erected at Waterbury and consecrated by his grandson dr Carel de Wet on 14 February 1970 who was then minister of Health

De Wet progressively weakened and at length, on 3 February 1922, he died on his farm. General Smuts, who had become Prime Minister, cabled his widow: 'A prince and a great man has fallen today.' De Wet was given a state funeral in Bloemfontein and buried next to President Steyn and Emily Hobhouse at the foot of the memorial to the women and children who died in the concentration camps. On the hundredth anniversary of his birth, a bronze equestrian statue, by Coert Steynberg, was unveiled at the Raadzaal in Bloemfontein

Bibliography

Biographies

• Kestell, J.D. Christiaan de Wet – 'n lewensbeskrywing. De Nationale Pers Beperkt. Cape Town 1920.
• Olivier, B. Krygsman Christiaan de Wet – 'n lewensskets van genl. C.R. de Wet. Tafelberg. Johannesburg 1971.
• Pienaar, A.J. Christiaan Roedolf de Wet in die Anglo-Boereoorlog. Unpublished M.A.-thesis, PU for CHE. 1974.
• Rosenthal, E. General De Wet – A Biography. Simondium. Cape Town 1968. (General De Wet on Internet Archive)
• Scholtz, Leopold. Generaal Christiaan de Wet as veldheer. Protea. Pretoria 2003.
• Van Schoor, M.C.E. Christiaan Rudolph de Wet – Krygsman en volksman. Protea. Pretoria 2007.

Publications

• De Wet, Der Kampf zwischen Bur und Brite – Der dreijährige Krieg, (Leipzig, 1902)
• De Wet, Three Years' War. (Charles Scribner's Sons N.Y., 1902) [Translated from German] (digital copy at Project Gutenberg)

References

• P. J. Sampson, Capture of De Wet and the South African Rebellion of 1914. (London, 1915)

Citations

1. Rosenthal, Eric. General de Wet.
2.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "De Wet, Christian". Encyclopædia Britannica 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 138.
3. Rudyard Kipling – The Bard of British Imperialism at www.zeitcom.com
4. "Art, architecture, and nature — Park Hoge Veluwe". www.hogeveluwe.nl. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
5. Thomas Pakenham, page 542 The Boer War, ISBN 0-7474-0976-5
6. Marq De Villiers (1988), White Tribe Dreaming: Apartheid's Bitter Roots as Witnessed by Eight Generations of an Afrikaner Family, page 232.

External links

• Works by Christiaan Rudolf De Wet at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Christiaan de Wet at Internet Archive
• CR de Wet at the War Museum of the Boer Republics.