Christian Island (Ontario)
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Christian Island is a large island in Georgian Bay close to the communities of Penetanguishene and Midland, Ontario. The island, with its neighbours Hope Island and Beckwith Island, is a 5,428.1 hectares (13,413.1 acres) Ojibwa reserve, known as Christian Island Indian Reserve No. 30. Together with the 7.5 hectares (18.5 acres) Christian Island Indian Reserve No. 30A located at Cedar Point, Ontario and the 3.1 hectares (7.7 acres) Chippewa Island Indian Reserve located in Twelve Mile Sound, 27.5 kilometres (17.1 mi) north of Christian Island, it forms the land base for the Beausoleil First Nation. Christian Islands' highest elevation is 209 meters (685 feet) above sea level.
Together with other First Nations in the area, the Beausoleil have filed a land claim for lands situated between Matchedash Bay at Coldwater and the narrows at Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching. While the Chippewa Island reserve is shared among Beausoleil and two other First Nations, the two Christian Island reserves are not.
Background
Christian Island is primarily forest. The soil is mainly sand, remnants of Glacial Lake Algonquin. A prehistoric species of grass, known as Forked three-awned grass or unofficially as "Ice Age Grass," has been found on the Island. This is linked to its glacial beginnings. Forked three-awned grass is designated as a species at risk.
Originally, Christian Island was known by the Ojibwa as Gichi Minising (At the Big Island), but was also known for a brief period by the Hurons, as Gahoendoe. The three islands were, in the 19th century, collectively known as the Christian Islands: Beckwith Island was called Faith Island, while Christian Island, which is the largest of the three, was known as Charity Island.
In 1649, thousands of Huron refugees and a few Jesuit missionaries from Sainte-Marie among the Hurons took refuge during the winter on the island during the Huron-Iroquois wars. The Jesuits called the island St. Joseph Island. With insufficient food, many of the First Nations people starved during the winter. The island's occupation by Huron Catholics and Jesuits was the basis for its name of "Christian" Island. Specifically, it was named in honour of the Canadian Martyrs.
The Jesuits and most of the Huron refugees left the island and travelled to Quebec in the summer of 1650. The remaining Huron, along with the surviving remnants of the Petun, an Iroquoian group living at the base of the Niagara Escarpment near present-day Collingwood, left the island in 1651. The Petun had suffered serious losses in Iroquois raids in late 1649 and 1650. Their descendants eventually settled in the Detroit-Windsor area. Some were later forcibly resettled by U.S. authorities in Oklahoma.
Christian Island is inhabited by the Beausoleil First Nation. Their ancestors were nomadic, travelling from northern Georgian Bay and the United States around Lakes Huron and Michigan. The early Canadian government tried to assimilate First Nations peoples into the larger society. They encouraged the Beausoleil to give up their nomadic ways and settle at Coldwater in 1834-1842 as part of the Coldwater Narrows Reserve. Later the Natives were displaced to Beausoleil Island in 1842, and still later, were displaced to Christian Island in 1856, where they have remained.
The First Nation has tried various ways to generate income on the small reserve, including stocking the island with pheasants for hunting, a cattle operation, a charcoal operation, and a commercial fishery. A portion of lands are designated for cottage leasing. Today, many of the residents work on the mainland, and a growing community has sprung up on an annex of property at the Cedar Point landing. Hope and Beckwith islands are uninhabited, but are popular anchorage sites for boaters, who pay a small anchorage fee to the First Nation community.
The First Nation operates an elementary school, a health centre, and a community centre. 24-hour EMS service and a volunteer fire department operate year round.
A ferry service connects the mainland at Cedar Point to Christian Island. A car ferry, the Sandy Graham, travels the strait between the Point and the Island on a regular schedule. Another ferry, the Indian Maiden, carries passengers only. It is capable of breaking ice up to 6" thick. A hovercraft serves the island in case of emergency. At times of severe cold, the people build an ice road between the island and the mainland. As a result of the above average ice cover in February 2014 the ice road was opened.
Christian Island has a lighthouse that marks the southern tip of the island. It was used in the past for ships travelling from Collingwood to Penetanguishene, Midland, and Parry Sound. First lit in 1859, it is the oldest lighthouse in Georgian Bay.[1]
Christian Island is a popular camping spot and a place where cottagers come to relax in the summer time.[2]
Notable Individuals
Rodney Monague (1942-2013), a survivor of the Canadian Indian residential school system, was the island's first chief after the departure of Indian agents in the 1960s. He served as chief for more than two decades, from the late 1960s until around 1990.[3][4]
Celebrated Canadian novelist Joseph Boyden spent much of his childhood on Christian Island and neighbouring Beckwith Island. His latest best-selling and critically acclaimed novel "The Orenda" concludes on Christian Island.[5]
Canadian folk singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot penned a song about Christian Island in 1972 (Christian Island (Georgian Bay) which includes the lyric "In the Lee of Christian Island"), alluding to the popularity of the island as a sailing area.
Shipwrecks
Christian Island is a favorite destination for scuba divers given the close proximity of a number of old shipwrecks (most going back a century or more) near Christian Island, and near the adjacent, uninhabited Hope Island. These include: Mapledawn (North West of Christian Island), sank 1924; Saucy Jim (East of Christian Island), sank 1910; Michigan (North West of Hope Island), sank 1843; Lottie Wolf (North East of Hope Island), sank 1879; and Marquette (East of Hope Island), sank 1867.
Lake Huron (in which Georgian Bay is located) is the final resting place to hundreds of other sunken vessels, many of them of great historic value. These shipwrecks are generally well preserved, owing to the cold, fresh water habitat.
Ferry Controversy
On February 13, 2016 Canadian newspapers featured a story about the island’s 65-year-old ferry, the M.V. Sandy Graham, which was purchased by the government in 1998. First Nations residents believe the aging ferry, the islands’s lifeline, must be replaced in the very near future. “Our people have to cross day to day to get access to all the goods and services, as well as hospitals, medical appointments. I, in good conscience, can’t continue to sail this ferry knowing that tragedy could happen out on that water,” Christian Island Chief Roly Monague said, according to the Canadian Press.[6]
Governance and Council
Beausoleil First Nation Chief & Council
Beausoleil First Nation Council consists of 6 Councillors and 1 Chief. The General Election held on June 29, 2014 resulted in the following:
Chief: Roland "Roly" Monague
Chief Councillor: Joanne Sandy
Councillor: Kelvin Jamieson
Councillor: A. Dan Monague
Councillor: Karry Sandy-MacKenzie
Councillor: Andrew Copegog
Councillor: Cindy King
References
- ↑ "Christian Island Lighthouse". Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "The Christian Island Cottagers' Association". Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Former chief helped build Christian Island community". Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Chief Rodney Monague Interview-Christian Island, Nov. 29,2009". Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Joseph Boyden on the novel he was "always meant to write"". Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Ontario First Nation says aging ferry must be replaced or they will be cut off". Retrieved February 13, 2016.
External links
Coordinates: 44°50′N 80°12′W / 44.833°N 80.200°W