Chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Etiology

• Bacterias (Bacterial gastritis)
  • Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis)
• Bile reflux. In some cases, bile, normally used to aid digestion in the small intestine, will enter through the pyloric valve of the stomach if it has been removed during surgery or does not work properly, also leading to gastritis.
• HIV/AIDS
• Crohn's disease (Crohn gastritis)
• Celiac disease (lymphocytic gastritis)^[1]
• connective tissue disorders
• liver
• kidney failure

Classification

Since 1992, chronic gastritis lesions are classified according to the Sydney system.^[2]

Chronic H. pylori-associated gastritis

This is the most common form of chronic gastritis. Involvement tends to occur in either an antral-predominant or multifocal atrophic pattern. H. pylori infection is also associated with development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas.^[3]

Symptoms

Many people who have chronic gastritis do not experience any noticeable symptoms. Those who do claim to experience one or several of the following: upper abdominal pain, indigestion, bloating, nausea, vomiting, belching, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Stomach bleeding or black stool has been reported in extreme cases.^[4]

References

1. Brown, I. S.; Smith, J; Rosty, C (2012). "Gastrointestinal pathology in celiac disease: A case series of 150 consecutive newly diagnosed patients". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 138 (1): 42–9. doi:10.1309/AJCPE89ZPVJTSPWL. PMID 22706856.
2. Mayo Clinic Staff (April 13, 2007). "Gastritis". MayoClinic. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
3. Chronic Gastritis at eMedicine
4. "Chronic Gastritis". Healthline. Retrieved 2016-04-19.