Church planting

Church planting is a process that results in a new (local) Christian church being established. It should be distinguished from church development, where a new service, new worship center or fresh expression is created that is integrated into an already established congregation. For a local church to be planted, it must eventually have a separate life of its own and be able to function without its parent body, even if it continues to stay in relationship denominationally or through being part of a network.

History of church planting

According to Rev. Mike Ruhl, “Church planting has been happening for nearly twenty centuries.”[1] The first place that the church spread from Judea was Samaria.[2] Christianity spread to other areas because persecution forced the Christians to leave Jerusalem.[3] Christianity then spread to the Gentiles largely because of the Apostle Paul, who had formerly been a Pharisee and a persecutor of the church.[4] In the Bible, the book of Acts describes Christianity as spreading by the preaching of it in public areas. It then describes the believers of Christianity as gathering together regularly in homes and, at least in the beginning, at the Temple in Jerusalem.[5] This period is known as the Apostolic Period. During this period, and up until the late second century, there is no record of church buildings. Instead, there are references to house churches. Not much is known about how these house churches multiplied.[6] After the late second century, church buildings became the norm.[6] In 380, Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire, which convinced many to become Christians. As Germanic kings conquered areas of the Roman Empire, many of them converted to Christianity to gain the support of their new subjects.[7] In British colonies, Anglican missionary and church planting efforts coincided with British colonialism.[8] The missionary model of Baptist missionaries, such as in mid-twentieth century Brazil, was a form of church planting. For Southern Baptists, church planting, with its focus on establishing new and independent congregations, is a logical outcome of their theology. "Southern Baptist mission work was driven by church planting. Based on a voluntaristic faith, the work defined individual salvation as the cornerstone of religious life; and religious life took place within local, autonomous congregations."[9] Recently, there has been a focus on Church Planting Movements.[10] However, not all SBC/IMB members agree with the general theory of CPM and think much of it is, detrimentally, man and method focused rather than centered on God. Church planting is not troublesome but the "movements" part of the theory is. [11]

In May 2015, the Church of England announced that the See of Islington would be brought out of abeyance to create a "bishop for church plants". The bishop would be based in the Diocese of London but would also assist the whole Church.[12][13] The following month, Ric Thorpe was announced as the first bishop for church plants.[13]

Models of church planting

There are several different models of church planting:

Advocates

C. Peter Wagner describes Church planting as "the single most effective evangelistic methodology under heaven"[15] and for its advocates this remains church planting's greatest rationale. Gisbertus Voetius, a Dutch Reformer, viewed the purpose of Christian missions as threefold: conversion, church planting, and the glorification of God's grace. Georg Vicedom, in his book The Mission of God, says the goal of Christian missions to both proclaim the message and to gather people into the church.[16]

Territorial objections

For Anglicans and Catholics, "church-planting" can be very problematic because of the territorial nature of a diocese. For both the Catholic and Anglican churches, this practice may be viewed as an abrogation of the rights of a local bishop. This is because the bishop of the diocese has the right to decide where churches will be planted, and the phenomenon of church planting sometimes ignores both courtesy and obedience to the local bishop. Traditionally the Catholic Church has used this method in its missionary work to establish the initial church of a region or colony with the goal of establishing a brand new diocese. However in the modern era the necessity of this method has declined partly due to the global nature of the modern church.

This issue is particularly sensitive in regard to the Anglican diocese of Sydney in Australia, from which many Evangelical churches are "planted" in non-evangelical dioceses.[17]

The Church of England has begun its Fresh Expressions initiative, which is seeking to encourage the development of new congregations even when they are across parish boundaries, for the sake of mission, under the bishop's permission. The recent Anglican conference GAFCON contained a broad hint that it would consider offering oversight to churches that have been planted without authorization from the local bishops.[18]

Church Planting Movement

In a missiological context, church planting may be defined as "initiating reproductive fellowships who reflect the kingdom of God in the world."[19] When this happens with rapid growth, it is generally known as a Church Planting Movement or Disciple Making Movement (DMM). In a CPM, indigenous churches plant more churches within a people group or geographic area. A church will sponsor formation of multiple spinoff churches that will themselves very quickly reproduce new churches, generally with common teachings and doctrine. It is different from traditional missions in that the new churches are generally started by a lay leader from the sponsoring church and not an outside missionary. A key characteristic of an authentic church planting movement is the rapidity with which a new congregation itself starts another similar church.[20][21]

History of CPMs

The modern Church Planting Movement can trace its roots to the mid-nineteenth century when Henry Venn and Rufus Anderson developed the three-self formula of an indigenous missions policy: "they believed that young churches should be self-propagating, self-supporting, and self-governing from their inception."[22] Donald McGavran, a missionary in India who "coined the concept of 'people movements' to Christ," is credited as an early proponent of the kind of missionary work that underlies the Church Planting Movement, by focusing his missionary work on converting groups of people ("groups, tribes, villages, ethnic groups") rather than individuals.[23]

According to ONE Magazine, the official organ of the National Association of Free Will Baptists, such tactics were used successfully in Cuba in the 1940s by Tom and Mabel Willey; in the 1950s in North India Carlisle and Marie Hanna; and in the 1960s in Ivory Coast by LaVerne Miley.[20] Christianity Today also claims success in Cuba for the "Western Baptists, historically linked to the Southern Baptist Convention."[24] Bhojpuri Church Planting Movement was started by David L. Watson<http://www.100peoplenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Watson-A-CPM-among-the-Bhojpuri.pdf><http://lifewise.co.za/files/congwise/new-paradigm-01-the-bhojipuri-story.pdf> who founded Asian Partners (apii.org) and now led by Rev. Victor John of ASSI produced thousands of Churches from the beginning of Nineties. This is also the longest surviving(rather thriving) movement in the world. It has become Movementum now and still producing thousands of Churches. This Movement is also referred to where the Word CPM originated. This Movement has impacted many other countries and continues to impact the other parts of India as well.

Essentials of CPMs

There are three key characteristics of a Church Planting Movement: it reproduces rapidly, multiplying churches, and that the churches are indigenous.[25]

Methods in Church Planting Movements

There is not a solitary method used to spark a Church Planting Movement. The Training for Trainers (T4T) method has been successful in China.[29] It differs from the Insider Movement in that leaders do not seek to act like indigenous persons, but simply train locals who train others within their (or closely related) people group.[30]

References

  1. ↑ Ruhl, Mike. "Church Planting: A Historical Look." New Harvest (Sept. 2006): n. pag. Centerforusmissions.org. Center for U.S. Missions. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.
  2. ↑ Neander, Augustus. History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church by the Apostles. Trans. J. E. Ryland. New York: Sheldon, 1865. Print. pg. 58
  3. ↑ Neander, Augustus. History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church by the Apostles. Trans. J. E. Ryland. New York: Sheldon, 1865. Print. pg. 65
  4. ↑ Neander, Augustus. History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church by the Apostles. Trans. J. E. Ryland. New York: Sheldon, 1865. Print. pg. 79, 84
  5. ↑ Holy Bible: New International Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005. Print.
  6. 1 2 McCallum, Dennis. "Planting Home Groups." Planting Home Groups. Xenos Christian Fellowship, 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.
  7. ↑ How Christianity Rose to Dominate Europe. Worldology, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.
  8. ↑ Wright, Marcia (2003). "Rev. of The Church Mission Society and World Christianity, 1799-1999 by Kevin Ward". Church History 72 (3): 679–80. doi:10.1017/s0009640700100721. JSTOR 4146297.
  9. ↑ Cavalcanti, H.B. (2001). "Human Agency in Mission Work: Missionary Styles and Their Political Consequences". Sociology of Religion 66 (4): 381–98. JSTOR 3712387.
  10. ↑ "History of the Church's Expansion into the World." BiblicalTraining.org. Biblical Training, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.
  11. ↑ Hayward, Kenneth. "God and a Godward Worldview for the IMB - Concerns about CPM Theory". GlobalMissiology.org. Jan 2016. Retrieved January 2016.
  12. ↑ "The revival of the See of Islington". Diocese of London. 1 May 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  13. 1 2 Gledhill, Ruth (9 July 2015). "New church plant bishop will be Rev Ric Thorpe". Christian Today. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  14. ↑ "Church Planting Tutorial." Church Planting Tutorial. Church Planting Solutions, 2005. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.
  15. ↑ Church Planting for Greater Harvest (Regal, Glendale: 1991) 5
  16. ↑ Ott, Craig, and Gene Wilson. Global Church Planting: Biblical Principles and Best Practices for Multiplication. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2011. Print. pg. 20
  17. ↑ 'An Unholy Row' four corners, transcript: http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/s141770.htm
  18. ↑ Global Anglican Future – Holy Land 2008 – GAFCON Final Statement
  19. ↑ Van Rheenen, Gailyn. "Essential Mission Tasks : The Missiology Homepage." Missions: Biblical Foundations & Contemporary Strategies. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. N. pag. The Missiology Homepage RSS. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.
  20. 1 2 Forlines, James (n.d.). "Our Goal: Church Planting Movements". ONE Magazine (National Association of Free Will Baptists). Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  21. ↑ "Church Planting Movements". International Mission Board. 2002. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  22. ↑ Fanning, Don (1 January 2009). "Church Planting Movements". The Center for Global Ministries. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  23. ↑ Kooistra, Paul (n.d.). "Toward a Definition of Church-Planting Movements" (PDF). Mission to the World. Presbyterian Church in America. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  24. ↑ Weber, Jeremy (9 July 2009). "Cuba for Christ—Ahora!". Christianity Today. Retrieved 27 October 2011. The Communist island's improbable revival is 15 years old and growing stronger.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Haney, Jim (1 March 2011). "Assessing Church Planting Movements". Misson Frontiers. U.S. Center for World Mission. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  26. ↑ Garrison, David (1 May 2010). "What Are Church Planting Movements?". Church Planting Movements. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  27. ↑ Anatomy of a Church Planting Movement quote: The movement does not need a board; it needs a group of leaders of leaders to form an "apostolic team." This is the team that becomes the leaders of leaders. Instead of the movement depending on the passion of a leader of leaders, a core group of passionate vision casters of the movement's DNA are scattered about so that every plant is visited annually. This is the primary way to deal with the loss of the movement's founder.
  28. ↑ Butler, Robby. Church Planting Movements from One Indian Perspective
  29. ↑ Smith, Steve and Kai, Ying. "T4T: A Discipleship ReRevolution" (Monument, CO: WIGTake Resources, 2011) p36
  30. ↑ Garrison, David Church Planting Movements vs Insider Movements: Missiological Realities vs Mythiological Speculations in Proceedings of the ISFM 2004 Meeting: Insider Movements
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, February 24, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.