Citroën Ami

Citroën Ami
Citroen Ami 6
Overview
Manufacturer	Citroën
Production	1961—1978
Assembly	Rennes, France[1] (Chartres-de-Bretagne quarter), France Buenos Aires, Argentina
Body and chassis
Class	Supermini (B)
Body style	4-door saloon 4-door estate 2-door van
Layout	FF layout
Related	Citroën 2CV Citroën FAF Citroën Dyane Citroën M35 Citroën Méhari
Powertrain
Engine	602 cc flat-2 1015 cc flat-4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	95 in (2,413 mm)[2]
Length	3,920 mm (154 in) (Ami 6)
Width	1,524 mm (60 in)[2]
Height	57 in (1,448 mm)[2]
Chronology
Predecessor	None
Successor	Citroën Axel Citroën Visa

The Citroën Ami is a supermini produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1961 to 1978. The Ami was for some years the best-selling car model in France. Production totalled 1,840,396 units.^[3] The Ami and stablemate Citroën Dyane were replaced by the Citroën Visa and Citroën Axel.^[4]

Although not its commercial name, in France the Ami was often referred to as the Citroën 3CV Trois chevaux, or "three horses", CV originally being the initials for "chevaux-vapeur" (horsepower - literally 'steam horses'), but used here for "chevaux fiscaux" in short. The "cheval fiscal" was a French fiscal unit based on engine size ; smaller CV usually meant economical cars. The 602 cc engine of the Ami was fractionally above the upper limit for the 2 CV taxation class. The 3CV nickname differentiated the car in the market place from the long established Citroën 2CV, but was never applied to the Ami 8, only to the Ami 6.

Overview

1968 Citroën Ami 6 (Rouge Corsaire)

The Citroën Ami had its formal French launch on 25 April 1961,^[5] four months ahead of the August introduction of the widely anticipated Renault 4.^[6] Both the Renault 4 and the Citroën Ami responded to a perceived market need for a vehicle slightly larger and less rustic than the 2CV. The Ami is a rebodied 2CV with certain mechanical upgrades (particularly a larger engine than the 1950s 2CV), to compensate for the added weight. At launch all the cars were powered by an air cooled 602 cc two-cylinder flat engine which would also be offered at extra cost in the 2CV from 1970.

The platform chassis and suspension is similar to the 2CV, being independent all round using leading and trailing arms and coil springs interconnected front to rear. For a detailed suspension description see Citroën 2CV.

The Ami's seats were easily removable. Sales pitches of the Ami included photographs of the seats being used as picnic chairs.

Technical innovation

The Ami and the Ford Taunus P3 were the first cars with rectangular or lozenge-shaped (non-round) headlights. ^[7] This technical innovation was developed by lighting manufacturers Hella (Taunus) and Cibie (Ami). Soon this innovation found its way to the exclusive coach built Maserati 5000 GT. ^[8] At the time, it was an unquestioned article of faith that headlights were round, and in the United States, it was the law, so these new headlights were illegal there until 1975. ^[9] Ten years later this had inspired European automakers to come up with various non-round headlamp shapes.

Initial sales

Citroën Ami 6 Berline rear detail

Dashboard and shift lever of Ami 6

Citroën Ami 6 Break estate version.

Citroën Ami 8 front view

The Ami 8 featured a more conventionally positioned back window than the Ami 6

Citroën Ami M35

The car went on sale in France in the late spring of 1961, though Citroën implemented some simple upgrades in time for the October Paris Motor Show only six months later. The most visible change involved the replacement of the fixed windows on the rear doors with two-part horizontal sliding windows, similar to those already fitted on the front doors.^[10] Sales initially were not as good as those of the older 2CV; the Ami's first full year of production was 1962, during which only 85,358 of the cars were sold, while the thirteen-year-old 2CV managed 144,759 sales during the same twelve-month period.^[10] Although the Ami had a modern body, it shared the aggressively minimalist underpinnings of the older car, and this made it hard to justify a starting price for the Ami which, at the end of 1961, was 35% higher.^[10]

Versions

The 1961 Ami 6 sedan is distinguished by an unusual reverse-raked rear window, similar in style to the 1959 Ford Anglia 105E in Britain. A similar design feature was used on the first generation three door Citroën C4. This design feature first appeared on the US 1953 Packard Balboa-X show car. It was first put into production on the 1957 Mercury Turnpike Cruiser and 1958-1960 Lincoln Continentals. (In the American cars the rear window could be opened as an aid to ventilation before air conditioning became standardised, and in the American fashion was given a name, the "Breezeway Window").

The later Ami 8 saloon has a fastback rear window. It was redesigned by the French car design and bodywork company, Heuliez. Most notable changes were the front part and bonnet and the sloping, rather than inverted, rear window on the saloon. The estate version of the Ami 8 had a similar general appearance to that of the Ami 6 although the later car's tail-lights were integrated into the rear wings.

Distinctive markings of the Ami Super.

The Ami Super was a flat-4 variant powered by the engine of the GS and produced between 1973 and 1976. At the launch of the GS, its original flat four-cylinder air-cooled 1015 cc 55 bhp DIN engine was considered to be underpowered. With surplus engines available, Citroën decided to fit the engine into the Ami 8 in January 1973. The car, which became the Ami Super, then easily reached 140 km / h. From the outside, it had a new front grille with six additional vents underneath. On the sides of the front wing there was a badge marked 1015 in reference to the new engine. The body is the same as the Ami 8 apart from changes to inner front wings, bonnet, front panel and bumper mountings. The chassis was also modified from the standard Ami 8 with alterations made to accommodate the 1015 cc engine. Other changes included thicker wire in the suspension springs, to give a tauter ride and front anti-roll bars. Rear anti-roll bars were fitted from 1974 onwards until the end of Ami Super Production in 1976. The Ami Super and Ami 8 Break (Estate) were fitted with 135 15 ZX Michelin tires as standard while the Ami 8 Berline retained the Michelin 125 15 X although 135 15's could be ordered as an option. Also on the Ami Super headlamps with built in Quartz iodine fog lights were offered as an option, other options included heated rear screens. Inside, the gear change is floor mounted, in place of the dashboard mounted gear lever of the Ami 6 and 8 and to accommodate this the hand brake of the Super curves up instead of down. The speedometer was also specific to the Ami Super differing slightly to allow higher speed numbers to be shown.

The Ami Super was offered in the same three trim levels as the Ami 8, Luxe, Confort and Club on Saloon and Luxe and Confort on Break (estate) versions. These trim differences were fairly minor with Luxe models having bench front and rear seats and vinyl floor matting. Confort trim offered reclining front seats in place of the front bench. The Club models can be considered the Pallas of the Ami range featured sound proofing pads on the floor and bulkhead, carpet including boot (trunk) lining, stainless steel trim on the window frames and side rubbing strips on the doors and rear wings. Club trim was only available up to the end of the 1973 model year, after that point Ami 8 and Ami super were only available in Luxe and Confort specification.

From 1974 Ami super models were revamped to feature a double line graphic along the exterior of the body sides, either in black or silver depending on body colour, with slotted wheels and double line detailing on the hubcaps. The rear window also featured a graphic in white proclaiming "Ami Super 1015cm³"

As the Ami Super looked very much like an Ami 8, and could surprise many by demonstrating its dramatic performance advantage compared to the Ami 8 (55 hp compared to 32 hp). Quoted by Autocar magazine in the UK as a "Q car par excellence" sadly in France its 5CV tax rating made little sense in a small car and as a result sales were low compared to the Ami 8. In the UK however where no such tax penalties existed the Ami Super attracted healthy sales although is now a rare sight due to poor corrosion resistance, a feature suffered by many vehicles of this era.

The Ami Super production reached close to 42,000 in sedan and station wagon by February 1976. The Ami 8 continued until early 1979 and reached in the region of 722,000 production.

A small series of prototype coupés, the M35 were produced as test vehicles for loyal customers — testing the single-rotor Comotor Wankel engine, as also seen in the NSU Spider. A twin-rotor version of this engine reached production form with the NSU Ro 80 and GS Birotor.

French production

The Ami 6 was the first model to be produced at the new Citroen plant opened in 1961 in the presence of the new president to the south-west of central Rennes. It was later joined at the plant by the Dyane and GS models.

Spanish production

The Ami 6 & Ami 8 were also built by Citroën Hispania in Vigo (Spain) from 1967 to 1978, but they were never called "Ami" because of a legal problem with that name. The equivalences with French built models are:

• Ami 6 berline: never built in Spain.
• Ami 6 break old model (M4 type engine): Citroën Break 3cv.
• Ami 6 break new model (M28 type engine): Citroën Dynam.
• Ami 8 berline: Citroën 8 or C-8.
• Ami 8 break: Citroën 8 Familiar or Citroën Familiar.

Argentinian production

Out of Europe, the Ami 8 was made in Argentina until 1978 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Only in the break ^[11] version, with the "Club" & "Elysee" trims, was exported to Uruguay, Paraguay and in CKD kits to Arica, Chile from 1976 where it was assembled until it was shut down in favour of the production of Citroen CX in early 1978.

Performance

An Ami 6 tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1962 had a top speed of 65.3 mph (105.1 km/h) and could accelerate from 0-50 mph (80 km/h) in 30.3 seconds. A fuel consumption of 53 miles per imperial gallon (5.3 L/100 km; 44 mpg_-US) was recorded. The test car cost £823 including taxes on the UK market.^[2]

Version	Engine	Power	Max speed
Ami 6 (1961-1963)	602 cc flat-2 air-cooled	22 hp (16 kW) @ 4500 rpm	65 mph (105 km/h)
Ami 6 (1964-1968)	602 cc flat-2 air-cooled	26 hp (19 kW) @ 4750 rpm	68 mph (109 km/h)
Ami 6 (1968)	602 cc flat-2 air-cooled	28 hp (21 kW) @ 5400 rpm	70 mph (110 km/h)
Ami 6 (1969)	602 cc flat-2 air-cooled	32 hp (24 kW) @ 5750 rpm	76 mph (122 km/h)
Ami 8	602 cc flat-2 air-cooled	32 hp (24 kW) @ 5750 rpm	76 mph (122 km/h)
Ami Super	1015 cc flat-4 air-cooled	55 hp (41 kW) @ 5750 rpm	87 mph (140 km/h)
M35	Single rotor Wankel engine	49 hp (37 kW) @ 5500 rpm	89 mph (143 km/h)

Model changes in detail

The following table summarises information to distinguish Ami Models.

Years	image	type	Model Changes
1961		AM	Launch in April.
1962		AM	Sliding rear windows (one half only).
1963		AM	Version for export to the United States: double round headlights, front turn signals round, additional chrome bumpers, grille and stainless steel license plate closer. Engine 26 hp instead of 22 hp. Hydraulic dampers. Suspended Brake and clutch pedals.
Nov 1964		AMB AMF AMC	Estate body type. New rear light units.
Oct 1967		AMBPA	Estate Club model. Twin round headlights. Improved finish.
May 1968		AM2 AMB2	M28 engine of 35 hp at 5750 rev / min. Double sliding front windows. Trapezoidal taillamps.
March 1969		AM3	The Ami 8 replaces the Ami 6.
July 1969		AMJA AMJB	The Ami 8 receives disc brakes on the front. The hydraulic system works with LHM fluid.
Sept 1969		AMB3 AMC3	Ami 8 estate launched.
Jan 1973		AMJF AMJG AMJH	Launch of the Ami Super.

Production figures and history

Total production of the Ami models (except M35) reached 1,840,121 units according to the manufacturer's data. It is divided between the models as follows:

Model	Ami 6 Berline/Saloon	Ami 6 Break/Estate	Ami 6 Service Van	Ami 8 Berline/Saloon	Ami 8 Break/Estate	Ami 8 Service Van	Ami Super Berline/Saloon	Ami Super Break/Estate	Ami Super Service Van
Reference Code.	AM AM2	AMB AM2B	AMC(2) AMF(2)	AM3	AMB3 AMJB	AMC3 AMJC	AMJF	AMJG	AMJH
Production	483 986	551 880	3 518	342 743	386 582	26 630	24 797	19 222	801

Model	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966	1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974- 78	Total
Ami 6 Ami 8 Ami Super	19,010	85,358	106,224	121,819	158,067	180,085	169,390	145,102	163,182	124,962	105,018	96,716	107,339	258,124	1,840,396[3][12]

References

1. Citroen GS: Citroen build with care (Anglophone brochure for UK market). Slough: Citroen Cars Ltd (UK). August 1976.
2. "The Citroen Ami 6". The Motor. January 3, 1962.
3. John Reynolds. Citroën 2CV. ISBN 978-1-84425-207-7
4. "Project VD and Project Y". Citroenvisa.net. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
5. "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1961 (salon [Paris] 1960) (Paris: Histoire & collections). Nr. 17: Pages 27–29. 2000.
6. "Automobilia "Les premières photographes exclusives de la future petite Renault fut publiées par L'Auto-Journal le 15 juin 1958 et 1^er mai 1960" ("The first exclusive photographs of the forthcoming small Renault were published by France's leading motor magazine on 15 June 1958 and 1 May 1960.")". Toutes les voitures françaises 1961 (salon [Paris] 1960) (Paris: Histoire & collections). Nr. 17: Pages 56–58. 2000.
7. http://www.motortrend.com/classic/features/1011_citroen_ami_6/
8. http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z15305/Maserati-5000-GT.aspx
9. http://classiccars.about.com/od/classiccarsaz/a/CarHeadlamps.htm
10. "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1962 (salon Paris oct 1961) (Paris: Histoire & collections). Nr. 19: Page 15. 2001.
11. "Citroen". Coche Argentino. 2009-05-18. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
12. "Production numbers from Citroenet". Citroën statistics. Citroenet.org. Retrieved 6 December 2012.

External links

• The Virtual Citroen Ami6 Garage
• Ami 8 at Citroenet
• Ami 6 at Citroenet
• Ami Super 1970s period French motoring programme
• 1960s Publicité Citroën Ami 6
• Citroen AMI 6 Production Line Rennes 1960s
• Citroën M35 prototype at Citromobile 2011