Clara Gonzaga
| Clara Gonzaga | |
|---|---|
|
Countess of Montpensier Dauphine of Auvergne Duchess of Sessa | |
 Medal portrait of Clara Gonzaga by Bartolomeo Melioli | |
| Spouse(s) | Gilbert, Count of Montpensier |
|
Issue
Louis II, Count of Montpensier Charles III, Duke of Bourbon François, Duke of Châtellerault Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier Renée, Lady of Mercœur Anne | |
| Noble family | House of Gonzaga |
| Father | Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua |
| Mother | Margaret of Bavaria |
| Born |
1 July 1464 Mantua, Italy |
| Died |
2 June 1503 (aged 38) France |
Clara Gonzaga, Countess of Montpensier, Dauphine of Auvergne, Duchess of Sessa (1 July 1464 – 2 June 1503)[1] was an Italian noblewoman of the House of Gonzaga. She was the daughter of Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua and the wife of Gilbert, Count of Montpensier.
One of her six children was Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, who led the Imperial Army sent by Emperor Charles V against Pope Clement VII in what became the Sack of Rome, and where he was subsequently killed.
Clara is one of the characters in the Heptameron, which was written by Marguerite of Angouleme, sister of King Francis I of France.
Family
Clara was born in Mantua on 1 July 1464, the eldest daughter of Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua and Margaret of Bavaria (1 January 1442 – 14 October 1479). She had five siblings including Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua whose wife was the celebrated Isabella d'Este.
Clara's paternal grandparents were Ludovico III Gonzaga and Barbara of Brandenburg; and her maternal grandparents were Albert III, Duke of Bavaria and Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck, daughter of Duke Erich I of Brunswick-Salzderhelden and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen.
Marriage and issue
On 24 February 1482, in Mantua, at the age of seventeen, Clara married Gilbert of Bourbon-Montpensier, who in 1486 succeeded his father as Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne. He was also Viceroy of Naples (1495), and the Duke of Sessa. He was the son of Louis I, Count of Montpensier and Joan, Dauphine of Auvergne. The marriage had been arranged by Clara's uncle Francesco Secco of Aragon who accompanied the newly-wed couple from Mantua to Milan on their lengthy journey to their home in France.
Gilbert and Clara had six children:
- Louis II, Count of Montpensier (1483 – 14 August 1501), died unmarried.
- Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier, Dauphin of Auvergne, Constable of France (17 February 1490 – 6 May 1527 Rome). He led the Imperial Army sent by Emperor Charles V against Pope Clement in what became the Sack of Rome, where he was killed. Married Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon, daughter of Anne of France and Peter II, Duke of Bourbon. His children by Suzanne all died young.[2]
- François, Duke of Châtellerault (1492 – 13 September 1515 at the Battle of Marignano).
- Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier (1482 – 5 July 1561). By dint of her three brothers having died childless, she became the heiress of the Montpensier county and the Auvergne dauphinate. She was invested as Duchess of Montpensier in February 1538.[1] In 1499, she married as her first husband Andre III de Chauvigny, Prince of Deols, Viscount de Brosse; on 21 March 1504, she married secondly, her cousin Louis of Bourbon, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon, by whom she had three children.
- Renée, Lady of Mercœur (1494 – 26 May 1539), married Antoine, Duke of Lorraine, by whom she had six children.
- Anne (1495–1510)
Widowhood and death
On 15 October 1496, in Pozzuoli, Italy, Clara's husband Gilbert (who had been the Viceroy of Naples since 1495), died of a fever, leaving her a widow at the age of thirty-two.
In 1499, Clara acted as mediator on behalf of her brother Francesco, who sought to form an alliance with King Louis XII of France in order to protect Mantua, which was then being threatened by both Cesare Borgia and the Doge of Venice.[3]
She maintained a correspondence with her sister-in-law, Isabella d'Este.[4]
Clara died on 2 June 1503. She was not quite thirty-nine years old. She was buried at the Chapelle Saint-Louis in the church of Aigueperse in Auvergne.[1]
Legacy
Her many descendants included Louise Juliana of Nassau, King Louis XV of France, Marie Antoinette, Franz Josef I of Austria, and the British ruling houses since 1714 (Hanover, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and Windsor).
Clara Gonzaga appears as a character in Marguerite of Angoulême's book, the Heptameron.[5]
References
- 1 2 3 Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Dukes of Bourbon
- ↑ Francis Hackett: Francis The First, p. 236
- ↑ George R. Marek: The Bed and the Throne: the Life of Isabella D'Este, p. 77, Harper & Row, 1976, ISBN 978-0-06-012810-4
- ↑ George R. Marek: The Bed and the Throne: the Life of Isabella D'Este, p. 82, Harper & Row, 1976
- ↑ Francis Hackett: Francis The First, p. 63