Clare Sheridan

Clare Consuelo Sheridan née Frewen
Born 9 September 1885
London, England
Died 31 May 1970 (aged 84)
Occupation Sculptor and writer
Spouse(s) William Frederick Sheridan (1879–1915) (m. 1910)[1]
Children Margaret Sheridan alias Mary Motley (1912–1980)
Elizabeth Sheridan (1913–1914)
Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1915–1937)
Parent(s) Moreton Frewen (1853–1924)
Clarita Jerome (1851–1935)

Clare Consuelo Sheridan (née Frewen), (9 September 1885 – 31 May 1970), was an English sculptor, journalist and writer known primarily for creating busts for famous sitters, and writing diaries recounting her worldly travels. She was a cousin of Sir Winston Churchill, with whom she had enjoyed an amicable relationship, though her support for the October Revolution caused them to break ranks politically in the 1920s.[2] She enjoyed travelling around the world, and among her circle of friends were Princess Margaret of Sweden, Lord and Lady Mountbatten, Lady Diana Cooper, Vita Sackville-West and Vivien Leigh.

Early life

Clare Consuelo Frewen was born in London, the daughter of Moreton Frewen, the Irish owner of Brede Place in East Sussex, and his American wife, the former Clarita "Clara" Jerome. Jerome's mother was the elder sister of Lady Randolph Churchill which made Clare Sheridan a cousin to Winston Churchill. Her godmother and namesake was Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough. Sheridan was educated by governesses at home in Sussex and at a family property in Inishannon, County Cork, before briefly attending a Paris convent school and a German finishing school. She was a debutante at the age of seventeen but turned away from that social scene to attempt to write novels. She was encouraged in this by family friends who included both Henry James and Rudyard Kipling.[3]

She married Wilfred, known as William, Frederick Sheridan in 1910 at St. Margaret's, Westminster. They had two daughters and when one of them, Elizabeth, died in February 1914, Clare Sheridan made a sculpture of a small weeping angel for the child's grave. It was from this piece of art that she discovered an ability for sculpting. Wilfred Sheridan was a Lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade and he was killed while leading his men at the Battle of Loos in 1915, a few days after the birth of the couple's third child, their son Richard. Sheridan moved from France to London to study under John Tweed and Professor Édouard Lantéri. An exhibition of her work was a success led to a number of commissions including a bust portrait of H. H. Asquith for the Oxford Union.[4]

Soviet Russia

Bust of Lev Kamenev by Sheridan

In the summer of 1920 the first Soviet Russian trade delegation to visit London invited Sheridan to travel to Russia to make busts of notable revolutionaries. The British authorities refused to issue her visa but she sailed with the delegation to Stockholm where Lev Kamanev obtained an Estonian visa for her.[4] She stayed in the Kremlin for two months, where her sculpting subjects included Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky and Kamenev. While in Russia Sheridan is reputed to have had affairs with more than one of her sitters. Her reputed relationship with Kamenev is thought to have led to his divorce from his first wife, Olga Kameneva.[5] The author Robert Service claimed, in 2009, that there was an affair between Sheridan and Trotsky.[6] Trotsky signed and dedicated a painting of himself to Sheridan and invited her to stay in Russia and set up a studio. During her stay, the Russian Civil War was being fought. Winston Churchill, as Secretary of State for War, was pressing for British and allied intervention and was furious to learn of Sheridan's activities. When she returned to London, Churchill refused to see her and finding herself widely shunned in polite society, she moved to America.

Journalism

While visiting America, Sheridan had a love affair with Charlie Chaplin. She was also introduced to Herbert Swope, the editor of the New York World who, impressed by her account of her time in Russia which had been published as Russian Portraits, offered her a job as the papers' roving European correspondent. In this role she obtained a number of notable scoops for the paper. During the Irish Civil War she managed to interview both Michael Collins and Rory O'Connor. She filed vivid accounts from the occupied city of Smyrna during the Greco-Turkish War.[4] Sheridan interviewed Aleksandar Stamboliyski in Bulgaria, Benito Mussolini in Rome and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.[7]

A second trip to Russia in 1923 ended in her becoming disillusioned with the course of the Revolution and she was declared 'persona non grata' in the country. Despite this, Sheridan persuaded the Soviet representative to London to issue an entry visa for her and her brother to tour the south of the country.[4] In 1924, Sheridan and her brother, Royal Navy officer Oswald Frewen, made a then-daring long-distance motorcycle riding journey from Sussex through Europe to the USSR, ending in Odessa. The 4,226-mile (6,801 km) ride[8] occurred between July and September 1924 with Frewen at the controls of a 799 cc, 7 hp AJS motorcycle and Sheridan in the sidecar.[4][9] The AJS, nicknamed Satanella, is said to have been the first British motorcycle in the Soviet Union.[10] Sheridan published a memoir of the journey, Across Europe with Satanella in 1925. She moved to Constantinople with her two children and gave up journalism to focus on sculpture.

Sheridan's dalliance with known Soviet agents earned her the suspicions of the Security Service. She earned an MI5 file that noted: "She has conducted herself in a disloyal manner in various foreign countries, adopting a consistently anti-British attitude."[11] Later in 1925 Sheridan moved to Algeria, where it was noted by MI5 that "she appeared to be comfortably off and debt-free for the first time in 10 years".[11] She built a house on the edge of the Sahara at Biskra.

Later life

In 1937 Sheridan's son, Richard died of appendicitis at Constantine in Algeria. Sheridan took a large oak tree from the family home, Brede Place, in Sussex and carved it into his memorial. Carving in wood seems to have given her a fresh artistic direction. After spending a summer in an art colony on a Native American reservation in the Rocky Mountains, Sheridan had a well-received exhibition in London of the carvings she made there from tree trunks. During World War Two she and Winston Churchill put aside their political differences and she made a bust portrait of him whilst he painted her portrait. After the war she converted to Roman Catholicism, travelling to Assisi for that purpose before moving to live in a guest house run by the Franciscan convent at Hope Castle at Castleblayney in Ireland.[12] From there she continued to sculpt, albeit subjects and icons of religious importance before returning to live in Belmont House in Hastings, Sussex in 1956. She died in 1970 at the age of 84, having outlived two of her three children. She is buried in the churchyard of St George's, Brede, Sussex beside her nephew Roger Frewen [d 1972] and her great-niece Selina Frewen [d 1972] and near the memorial she had carved to her son.

Sheridan's famous busts of her first cousin Churchill can be found at Blenheim Palace, Chartwell, Harrow School and Hastings Town Hall; the original plaster is in the possession of her great-nephew Jonathan Frewen. Some items from her large collection of Native American artifacts are on display at Hastings Museum and in the Frewen family's ancestral village of Brede in Sussex. Sheridan's sculptures are often shown at Rye Art Gallery. Several of her later works can be found in churches or churchyards, for example at Peper Harrow near Guildford, at St. Catherine's in Hoogstraeten in Belgium, at the Church of Christ the King Salthill in Galway, Ireland and at Allington Castle in Maidstone.[4]

Written works

References

  1. ↑ The Peerage.com
  2. ↑ National Portrait Gallery. "Search the Collection, Clare Sheridan". National Portrait Gallery, London. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  3. ↑ Cathy Hartley (Development Editor) (2003). A Historical Dictionary of British Women. Europa Publications. ISBN 1857432282.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 HCG Matthew & Brian Harrison (Editors) (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Vol 50 (Sharp-Smiles). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-861400-4.
  5. ↑ Kehoe, Elisabeth; The Titled Americans: Three American Sisters and the English Aristocratic World Into Which They Married, Atlantic Monthly Press, (2004) pg.325. ISBN 0-87113-924-3
  6. ↑ Simon Sebag Montefiore (11 October 2009). "Trotsky by Robert Service: review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Jennifer Uglow, revised by Maggie Hendry (1998). The Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography. Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-67442-1.
  8. ↑ "The "Satanella" Epic", The Examiner (Tasmania), January 30, 1926, p. 6
  9. ↑ Plummer, Roy (February–March 2012), "Clare Sheridan" (PDF), Sunbeam Club News (Sunbeam Motor Cycle Club), p. 15
  10. ↑ Tesch, Bernd (May 11, 2014), Europa-Motorrad-Reisen [Europe by Motorcycle] (in German), retrieved 2014-05-20
  11. 1 2 Neil Tweedie & Peter Day (28 February 2002). "MI5 suspected Churchill's cousin was a red spy". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  12. ↑ Wolfgang & Petra Lubitz (2004). "A feature about Clare Consuelo Sheridan". LubitzTroskyanaNet. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  13. 1 2 3 Gale Research Company (1979). Who Was Who in Literature 1906-1934 Volume 2 L-Z. Omnigraphics. ISBN 0-8103-0402-3.

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