Claude's syndrome

Claude's syndrome
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G46.3
ICD-9-CM	352.6
DiseasesDB	33869
MeSH	D020526

Claude's syndrome is a form of brainstem stroke syndrome characterized by the presence of an ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy, contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral ataxia, and contralateral hemiplegia of the lower face, tongue, and shoulder. Claude's syndrome affects occulomotor nerve,red nucleus and brachium conjunctivum^[1]

Cause and presentation

Human brainstem blood supply description. Posterior cerebral artery is #6, and midbrain is behind it.

Claude's syndrome is caused by midbrain infarction as a result of occlusion of a branch of the posterior cerebral artery.^[2] This lesion is usually a unilateral infarction of the red nucleus and cerebral peduncle, affecting several structures in the midbrain including:

Structure damaged	Effect
dentatorubral fibers	contralateral ataxia
corticospinal tract fibers	contralateral hemiparesis
corticobulbar tract fibers	contralateral hemiplegia of lower facial muscles, tongue, and shoulder
oculomotor nerve fibers	ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy with a drooping eyelid and fixed wide pupil pointed down and out; probable diplopia

It is very similar to Benedikt's syndrome.

Other causes

It has been reported that posterior cerebral artery stenosis can also precipitate Claude's syndrome.^[3]

History

It carries the name of Henri Charles Jules Claude, a French psychiatrist and neurologist, who described the condition in 1912.^[4]

References

↑ Harrison's
↑ 691339295 at GPnotebook
↑ Dhanjal T, Walters M, MacMillan N (2003). "Claude's syndrome in association with posterior cerebral artery stenosis". Scottish Medical Journal 48 (3): 91–92. PMID 12968516.
↑ Claude H, Loyez M (1912). "Ramollissement du noyau rouge". Rev Neurol (Paris) 24: 49–51.

External links

Cerebrovascular diseases (G45–G46 and I60–I69, 430–438)

Brain ischemia/
cerebral infarction
(ischemic stroke/TIA)

TACI, PACI	precerebral: Carotid artery stenosis cerebral: MCA ACA Amaurosis fugax Moyamoya disease

POCI	precerebral: Anterior spinal artery syndrome Vertebrobasilar insufficiency Subclavian steal syndrome brainstem: medulla Medial medullary syndrome Lateral medullary syndrome pons Medial pontine syndrome/Foville's Lateral pontine syndrome/Millard-Gubler midbrain Weber's Benedikt Claude's cerebral: PCA Lacunar stroke Dejerine–Roussy syndrome cerebellar

General	cerebral: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis CADASIL Binswanger's disease Transient global amnesia

Intracranial hemorrhage
(hemorrhagic stroke)

Extra-axial	Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid

Cerebral/Intra-axial	Intraventricular

Brainstem	Duret haemorrhage

Aneurysm

Cerebral aneurysm
- Intracranial berry aneurysm
- Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm

Other/general

Cerebral vasculitis

Lesions of spinal cord and brain

Spinal cord/
vascular myelopathy

sensory: Sensory ataxia
Tabes dorsalis

motor: Motor neurone disease

mixed: Brown-Séquard syndrome
cord syndrome (Posterior
Anterior
Central/Syringomyelia)
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (B12)
Cauda equina syndrome

Anterior spinal artery syndrome

Brainstem

Medulla (CN 8, 9, 10, 12)	Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA Medial medullary syndrome/Dejerine ASA

Pons (CN 5, 6, 7, 8)	Upper dorsal pontine syndrome/Raymond Céstan syndrome Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) (lateral) Medial pontine syndrome/Millard-Gubler syndrome/Foville's syndrome(basilar) Locked-in syndrome Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome

Midbrain (CN 3, 4)	Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA Benedikt syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Nothnagel's syndrome Claude's syndrome

Other	Alternating hemiplegia

Thalamic syndrome

Other

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