Clavatula

Clavatula
Apertural view of a shell of Clavatula muricata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Clade: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Clavatulidae
Genus: Clavatula
Lamarck, 1801
Type species
Clavatula coronata
Lamarck, 1801
Synonyms

Pleurotoma (Clavatula)

Clavatula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.[1][2]

Description

In this genus, the shell is fusiform, with a well-produced spire. The whorls are coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture;. The aperture is oval. The columellar lip is smooth, arcuate, and callous behind. The outer lip is thin and arcuated, with the anal sinus situated below the sutural coronal. The operculum is semioval with its nucleus about the middle, on the inner side.

The foot is large, short and obtuse behind. The eyes are placed externally near the extremity of the tentacles. The radula contains a small unicuspid central tooth with single sharp laterals (formula :1-1-1).

The species mostly inhabits the west coast of Africa.[3]

Species

Species within the genus Clavatula include:

Species brought into synonymy 
  • Clavatula albicans Hinds, 1843: synonym of Splendrillia albicans (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula amabilis Hinds, 1843: synonym of Tritonoturris amabilis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula argillacea Hinds, 1843: synonym of Etrema argillacea (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula auriculifera Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1816: synonym of Clavus canalicularis (Röding, 1798)
  • Clavatula bella Hinds, 1843: synonym of Bellacythara bella (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula candida Hinds, 1843: synonym of Glyphostoma candida (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula candida (Philippi, 1848): synonym of Pusionella valida (Dunker, 1852)
  • Clavatula coelata Hinds, 1843: synonym of Crassispira coelata (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula crenularis Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Ptychobela nodulosa (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Clavatula echinata Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Clavus flammulatus Montfort, 1810
  • Clavatula ericea Hinds, 1843: synonym of Lioglyphostoma ericea (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula fimbriata Hinds, 1843: synonym of Daphnellopsis fimbriata (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula flammea Hinds, 1843: synonym of Daphnella flammea (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula flavidula (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Clathrodrillia flavidula (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Clavatula fulva Hinds, 1843: synonym of Clavus fulva (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula gravis (Hinds, 1843): synonym of Makiyamaia gravis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula griffithii Gray, 1834: synonym of Ptychobela griffithii (Gray, 1834)
  • Clavatula haliplex Bartsch, 1915: synonym of Toxiclionella haliplex (Bartsch, 1915)
  • Clavatula halistrepta Bartsch, 1915: synonym of Clionella halistrepta (Bartsch, 1915)
  • Clavatula hottentota (E. A. Smith, 1882): synonym of Clavus hottentotus (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Clavatula impressa Hinds, 1843: synonym of Kylix impressa (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula kraussii (E. A. Smith, 1877): synonym of Clionella kraussii (E. A. Smith, 1877)
  • Clavatula laeta Hinds, 1843: synonym of Splendrillia laeta (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula lineata Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Perrona lineata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Clavatula lobatopsis Barnard, 1963: synonym of Clionella lobatopsis (Barnard, 1963)
  • Clavatula marmarina (Watson, 1881):[44] synonym of Fenimorea marmarina (Watson, 1881)
  • Clavatula merita Hinds, 1843: synonym of Tenaturris merita (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula metula Hinds, 1843: synonym of Anarithma metula (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula micans Hinds, 1843: synonym of Globidrillia micans (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula neglecta Hinds, 1843: synonym of Glyphostoma neglecta (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula nitens Hinds, 1843: synonym of Agladrillia nitens (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula obesa Reeve:[45] synonym of Perrona obesa (Reeve, 1842)
  • Clavatula occata Hinds, 1843: synonym of Diptychophlia occata (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula pardalis Hinds, 1843: synonym of Anachis pardalis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula parilis E. A. Smith, 1902: synonym of Clavatula tripartita (Weinkauff, 1876)
  • Clavatula pfefferi (Strebel, 1912): synonym of Tomellana pfefferi (Strebel, 1912)
  • Clavatula plumbea Hinds, 1843: synonym of Kurtziella plumbea (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula pudica Hinds, 1843: synonym of Agladrillia pudica (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula pungens Gould, 1860: synonym of Veprecula pungens (Gould, 1860)
  • Clavatula pyramis Hinds, 1843: synonym of Pseudorhaphitoma pyramis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula quisqualis Hinds, 1843: synonym of Leptadrillia quisqualis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula rava Hinds, 1843: synonym of Clathurella rava (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula rigida Hinds, 1843: synonym of Clathurella rigida (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula robusta Hinds, 1843: synonym of Cheungbeia robusta (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula rubida Hinds, 1843: synonym of Lienardia rubida (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula rubiginosa Hinds, 1843: synonym of Otitoma rubiginosa (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula rubrofasciata Reeve: synonym of Clavatula rubrifasciata (Reeve, 1845)
  • Clavatula scalaris Hinds, 1843: synonym of Tritonoturris scalaris (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula sculpta Hinds, 1843: synonym of Rimosodaphnella sculpta (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula semicostata (Kiener, 1840): synonym of Clionella semicostata (Kiener, 1840)
  • Clavatula sinensis Hinds, 1843: synonym of Crassispira sinensis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula sinuata (Born, 1778): synonym of Clionella sinuata (Born, 1778)
  • Clavatula spicata Hinds, 1843: synonym of Inquisitor spicata (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula spirata Lamarck:[46] synonym of Perrona spirata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Clavatula spurca Hinds, 1843: synonym of Etrema spurca (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula striata Gray, 1826: synonym of Epideira striata (Gray, 1826)
  • Clavatula subspirata (von Martens, 1902):[47] synonym of Perrona subspirata (von Martens, 1902)
  • Clavatula subventricosa (E. A. Smith, 1877): synonym of Clionella subventricosa (E. A. Smith, 1877)
  • Clavatula tessellata Hinds, 1843: synonym of Kermia tessellata (Hinds, 1843)
  • Clavatula tumida Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Toxiclionella tumida (Sowerby II, 1870)
  • Clavatula turriplana (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of Turricula turriplana (Sowerby III, 1903)

References

  1. ↑ Clavatula Lamarck, 1801.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 April 2011.
  2. ↑ P. Bouchet, Yu. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 (3): 273–308. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017.
  3. ↑ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI p. 157; 1884
  4. ↑ Clavatula asamusiensis Nomura & Zinbo, 1940.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  5. ↑ Clavatula bimarginata (Lamarck, 1822).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  6. ↑ Clavatula caerulea (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  7. ↑ Clavatula colini Von Maltzan, 1883.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  8. ↑ Clavatula congoensis Nolf & Verstraeten, 2008.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  9. ↑ Clavatula coronata Lamarck, 1801.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  10. ↑ Clavatula cossignanii Ardovini, 2004.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  11. ↑ Clavatula decorata Sowerby III, 1916.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  12. ↑ Clavatula delphinae Nolf, 2008.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  13. ↑ Clavatula diadema (Kiener, 1840).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  14. ↑ Clavatula filograna Odhner, 1923.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  15. ↑ Clavatula flammulata Knudsen, 1952.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  16. ↑ Clavatula gabonensis Melvill, 1923.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  17. ↑ Clavatula gracilior Sowerby II, 1870.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  18. ↑ Clavatula hattenbergeri Nolf & Verstraeten, 2008.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  19. ↑ Clavatula helena Bartsch, 1915.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  20. ↑ Clavatula imperialis Lamarck.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  21. ↑ Clavatula knudseni Nolf & Verstraeten, 2007.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  22. ↑ Clavatula kraepelini (Strebel, 1914).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  23. ↑ Clavatula lelieuri (Récluz, 1851).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  24. ↑ Clavatula martensi Von Maltzan, 1883.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  25. ↑ Clavatula matthiasi Nolf, 2008.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  26. ↑ Clavatula milleti (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  27. ↑ Clavatula muricata (Lamarck, 1822).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  28. ↑ Clavatula mystica (Reeve, 1843).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  29. ↑ Clavatula nathaliae Nolf, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  30. ↑ Clavatula perronii (Reeve, 1843).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  31. ↑ Clavatula petzyae Boyer & Ryall, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  32. ↑ Clavatula pfefferi (Strebel, 1912).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  33. ↑ Clavatula pseudomystica Nolf, 2008.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  34. ↑ Clavatula quinteni Nolf & Verstraeten, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  35. ↑ Clavatula rubrifasciata (Reeve, 1845).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  36. ↑ Clavatula sacerdos (Reeve, 1845).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  37. ↑ Clavatula smithi Knudsen, 1952.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  38. ↑ Clavatula solangeae Bozzetti, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  39. ↑ Clavatula strebeli Knudsen, 1952.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  40. ↑ Clavatula taxea (Röding, 1798).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  41. ↑ Clavatula tripartita (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1876).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  42. ↑ Clavatula virgineus (Dillwyn, 1817).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  43. ↑ Clavatula xanteni Nolf & Verstraeten, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  44. ↑ Clavatula marmarina (Watson, 1881).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  45. ↑ Clavatula obesa Reeve.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  46. ↑ Clavatula spirata Lamarck.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.
  47. ↑ Clavatula subspirata (Martens, 1902).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 April 2010.

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