Gomphidae

Gomphidae
Austrogomphus guerini
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Odonata
Suborder:	Anisoptera
Family:	Gomphidae
Genera
see text

The Gomphidae are a family in the Odonata commonly referred to as clubtail dragonflies; the family contains about 90 genera and 900 species. The name refers to the club-like widening of the end of the abdomen (abdominal segments 7 through 9). However, this club is usually less pronounced in females and is entirely absent in some species.

Etymology

The name may be derived from Latin gomphus or gond meaning "hinge".

Characteristics

Clubtails have small, widely separated compound eyes, a trait they share with the Petaluridae and with damselflies. The eyes are blue, turquoise, or green. The thorax in most species is pale with dark stripes, and the pattern of the stripes is often diagnostic. They lack the bright metallic colors of many dragonfly groups and are mostly cryptically colored to avoid detection and little difference between the sexes is seen.^[1] Adults are usually from 40 to 70 mm (1.6 to 2.8 in) in length.

Clubtails are fast-flying dragonflies with short flight seasons. They spend much time at rest, perching in a suitable position to dart forth to prey on flying insects. They tend to perch on the ground or on leaves with the abdomen sloping up and its tip curling down a little. Larger species may perch with a drooping abdomen or lie flat on a leaf. Another stance adopted by clubtails perching in the open is "obelisking", standing with the abdomen raised vertically, a posture adopted otherwise only by the skimmers.^[1]

Most clubtails breed in streams, rivers, or lakes. The nymphs are unusual in having a flat mentum, part of the mouthparts, and their antennae have only four segments. They burrow in the sediment at the bottom of the water body, with the nymphs of the dragonhunter (Hagenius brevistylus) living among damp bark and leaf litter at the edge of the water.^[2]

Gallery

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  Gomphidae wing structure: Note the similar-sized triangles of the front and hind wings and the widely separate eyes.

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  Pair of yellow-striped hunters mating

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  Common clubtail, Ictinogomphus rapax

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  Gomphus vulgatissimus, showing the "clubbed" abdomen characteristic of the family

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  The common clubtail Gomphus vulgatissimus head with widely separated eyes

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  Paragomphus lineatus, male

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  Paragomphus lineatus, female

Genera

Acrogomphus Agriogomphus Amphigomphus Anisogomphus Anomalophlebia Anormogomphus Antipodogomphus Aphylla Archaeogomphus Armagomphus Arigomphus Asiagomphus Austrogomphus Brasiliogomphus Burmagomphus Cacoides Ceratogomphus Cinitogomphus Cornigomphus Cyanogomphus Cyclogomphus Davidioides Davidius Desmogomphus Diaphlebia Diastatomma Dromogomphus Dubitogomphus Ebegomphus Eogomphus

Erpetogomphus Fukienogomphus Gastrogomphus Gomphidia Gomphidictinus Gomphoides Gomphus Hagenius Heliogomphus Hemigomphus Ictinogomphus Idiogomphoides Isomma Labrogomphus Lamelligomphus Lanthus Leptogomphus Lestinogomphus Lindenia Macrogomphus Malgassogomphus Megalogomphus Melanocacus Melligomphus Merogomphus Microgomphus Mitragomphus Neogomphus Nepogomphoides Nepogomphus

Neurogomphus Nihonogomphus Notogomphus Nychogomphus Octogomphus Odontogomphus Onychogomphus Ophiogomphus Orientogomphus Paragomphus Perigomphus Perissogomphus Peruviogomphus Phaenandrogomphus Phyllocycla Phyllogomphoides Phyllogomphus Platygomphus Praeviogomphus Progomphus Scalmogomphus Shaogomphus Sieboldius Sinictinogomphus Sinogomphus Stylogomphus Stylurus Tibiagomphus Tragogomphus Trigomphus Zonophora

References

1. Paulson, Dennis (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. p. 237. ISBN 1-4008-3294-2.
2. John L. Capinera (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1245. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.

External links

• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
• More information about clubtail dragonflies
• Gomphidae, CLUBTAILS, Discover Life