Colias philodice
| Clouded sulphur | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Male specimen | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pieridae |
| Genus: | Colias |
| Species: | C. philodice |
| Binomial name | |
| Colias philodice Godart, 1819 | |
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Colias philodice, the common or clouded sulphur, is a North American butterfly in the family Pieridae, subfamily Coliadinae.
Description
This species is a typical member of the genus. Both genders typically have pale yellow wings above with no traces of orange, unlike its close cousin the orange sulphur which may also be yellowish. Males have clean borders, while females have yellow dots within this region. Females sometimes exhibit a white form known as alba.
The underside of the male's wings is yellow while the female's is yellow or greenish-white, and both have a doubled hind wing spot trimmed in brownish-red. The hindwings show a series of 4 small red spots along the outer third portion, a trait that distinguishes the other North America species such as Colias interior, with exception of the orange sulphur which also shows them. Its wingspan 32 to 54 mm.[1]
- Form alba
This species has white form alba which can be very common in some populations, while rare in others. It can be confused with other white form Colias particularly that of Colias eurytheme. It can often be told by the border pattern of both wings, though some individuals are impossible to separate without the presence of other "normal" specimens. Though they differ in flight style, white form Colias may be confused with other pierids such as Pieris rapae and Pontia protodice. [2]
White form males are also known, but they are exceedingly rare in this species. [3]
Habitat
This butterfly may be encountered in fields, lawns, alfalfa or clover fields, meadows, and roadsides. Swarms of these butterflies will congregate at mud puddles. They range over most of North America with the exception of Labrador, Nunavut, and northern Quebec.[1]
Nectar plants
Clouded sulphurs nectar at flowers such as milkweed (Asclepias sp.), butterfly bush (Buddleja sp.), coneflower (Dracopis, Echinacea, and Rudbeckia), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), dandelion (Taraxacum sp.), clover (Trifolium sp.), and tall verbena (Verbena bonariensis) and many more.
Host plants
Ground-plum (Astragalus crassicarpus), Platte River milk-vetch (Astragalus plattensis), soy-bean (Glycine max), deer-vetch (Lotus spp.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white sweet-clover (Melilotus albus), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense), vetch (Vicia spp.)
Life cycle
The pale yellow eggs are laid singly on the host plants. The eggs turn red after a few days, then turn gray just before they hatch. The young larvae will eat one another. The larva is green with a white stripe running along each side of the body. The white stripes may contain bars or lines of pink or orange. The green chrysalis hangs up right by a silken girdle. Just before eclosion, the chrysalis turns yellow with a pink "zipper".
Gallery
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Male nectaring on Red Clover
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Male showing red fringe
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Female specimen
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Underside of a white form female
Similar species
- Colias eurytheme – Orange sulphur
- Colias interior – Pink-edged sulphur
References
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colias philodice. |
| External identifiers for Colias philodice | |
|---|---|
| Encyclopedia of Life | 176000 |
| Also found in: Wikispecies | |
- Photos of adults and larva
- Information and photos of clouded sulphur
- Clouded sulphur, Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility
- Clouded sulphur, Red Planet Inc.
- Clouded sulphur, Fairfax County Public Schools
- Clouded sulphur, Nearctic.com