Colored Orphan Asylum

The Colored Orphan Asylum was an institution in New York City open from 1836-1946 that housed on average four hundred children annually and was mostly managed by women.[1] Its first location was of fifth Avenue between 42nd and 43rd street which was a four- story building with two wings. The building later became the Hebrew Home for the Aged in Riverdale, the Bronx, New York.

The Colored Orphan Asylum was founded in 1836 by three Quakers;[2] Anna and Hanna Shotwell and Marry Murray it was one of the first of its kind in America to take in black children whose parents had died, or not able to take care of them.[3] In 1846 Dr. James McCune smith, the country's first licensed African American medical doctor became the orphanages medical director.[3] The orphanage moved several times in Manhattan.

1863 riots

In March 1863 Federal draft laws became more strict. All male citizens between the ages of twenty and thirty-five were subjected to the military draft. The Federal government used a lottery system to choose the men that were eligible for the draft. Males did have the opportunity to hire a substitute or pay the government three hundred dollars to avoid enlistment, but most working males couldn't afford substitution. Black males weren't eligible for the draft because they weren't considered citizens of The United States of America. Working class white males that disagreed on the Federal draft laws rioted Federal Buildings and black neighborhoods.[4] The Colored Orphan Asylum burned down by Irish mobbers during the New York Draft Riots on July 13, 1863. The children were led out the back door to escape.[5]

Rebuilding

The asylum was rebuilt by the Quakers in 1867 on 143rd Street and Amsterdam Avenue. In 1944 the asylum was renamed the Riverdale Children's Association.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 "Colored Orphan Asylum - Encyclopedia of New York City". www.virtualny.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
  2. ↑ Catherine Reef (2005). Alone in the World: Orphans and Orphanages in America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 13–. ISBN 0-618-35670-3.
  3. 1 2 "MAAP | Place Detail: Colored Orphan Asylum". maap.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
  4. ↑ "The New York City Draft Riots of 1863". www.press.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
  5. ↑ Gootman, Elissa (2003-04-07). "Recalling a Place of Sanctuary for Black Orphans". New York City: NYTimes.com. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
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