Comcast Cable

Comcast Cable Communications, LLC
Xfinity
Division of Comcast[1]
Industry Telecommunications
Founded April 2, 1981 (1981-04-02)[2]
Key people
Brian L. Roberts (Chairman)
Neil Smit (CEO)
Products Cable television, broadband internet, VoIP phone, Home Security
Parent Comcast
Subsidiaries Comcast Business
Comcast Spotlight
Comcast Wholesale
Slogan Change the Way You Experience TV
Change the Way You Experience Sports (sporting events only)
Website www.xfinity.com

Comcast Cable Communications, LLC (d/b/a Xfinity) is the cable division of Comcast.[3] Comcast Cable's CEO is Neil Smit, its chairman is Brian L. Roberts, and its CFO is Catherine Avgiris.[4] Comcast Cable went from $23.7 billion in revenue in 2007[5] to $48.1 billion in 2013.[6]

Branding

Previous Comcast logos
Comcast logo from 1969 to 1999 before it was replaced with the crescent logo
A variation of the Comcast logo used between 1999 and 2011. Still used on Comcast SportsNet channels.

In 2010, Comcast began promoting Xfinity, the company's rebranded trademark for triple play services in Comcast's largest markets, including the company's digital cable, cable Internet access, and cable telephone services and radio.[7] Comcast Digital Cable was renamed "Xfinity TV", Comcast Digital Voice became "Xfinity Voice", and Comcast High Speed Internet became "Xfinity Internet". Comcast Business Services remains under the "Comcast" name.[8] A marketing push involving the new Xfinity brand took place during the 2010 Winter Olympics coverage on NBC, which was in the early stages of a merger with Comcast.[9]

The Xfinity rebranding has been controversial as a purported effort to sidestep the negativity of the Comcast brand.[10][11][12] In February 2010, TIME listed Xfinity at number 2 in their Top 10 Worst Corporate Name Changes list.[13]

Internet provider

Comcast is the largest provider of cable internet access in the US, servicing 40% of the market in 2011.[14] As of June 30, 2013, Comcast has 19.986 million high-speed internet customers.[15] According to the Comcast High Speed Internet terms of service, residential customers are provided with dynamic IP addresses.[16]

Comcast began offering internet services in late 1996, when it helped found the @Home Network, which sold internet service through Comcast's cable lines. The agreement continued after @Home's merger with Excite.[17] When the combined company Excite@Home filed for bankruptcy in 2002, Comcast moved their roughly 950,000 internet customers completely onto their own network.[18]

Available Comcast High-Speed Internet Plans: (pricing and local availability varies slightly)

Name Download Speed Upload Speed (maximum) DOCSIS Version Price (excluding promotions) Notes
Internet Essentials 5.0 Mbit/s 1.5 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $9.95/mo.[20] Only for families with at least one child that qualifies for the free school lunch program.[21]
Economy Plus 3.0 Mbit/s 768 kbit/s 3.0[19] $39.95/mo.[22]
Performance Starter 6 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $49.95/mo.[20]
Performance 20-25 Mbit/s 4-5 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $66.95/mo.[22]
Blast! 50 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $76.95/mo.[22] In some areas, "Blast!" customers have been upgraded to Extreme 105 speeds.[23]
Blast! 75 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $76.95/mo.[22] In most service areas Blast! (50 Mbit/s) customers have been upgraded to Blast! (75 Mbit/s) Speeds.
Extreme 105 105 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $114.95/mo.[22] In some areas, Extreme 105 customers have been upgraded to Extreme 150 speeds.[23]
Extreme 150 150 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $114.95/mo.[22] Not available in all areas.
Extreme 250 250 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 3.0[19] $149.95/mo.[22] Not available in all areas.
Extreme 505 505 Mbit/s 105 Mbit/s Metro ethernet[24] $399.95/mo.[25] Not available in all areas.

Speeds are given in megabits per second, where 1 megabit = 0.125 megabytes = 125000 bytes.

Along with the price of internet subscriptions, Comcast charges users an additional $10.00/month to rent a cable modem.[26] This fee has been seen by some as unfair,[26][27] but is waived for customers who buy their own modems.[28] Comcast charges $20 for internet installation,[29] but the fee is waived for customers who opt to install themselves.[30]

In 2011, Comcast launched its "Internet Essentials" program, which offers low-cost internet service to families with children who qualify for free or reduced price school lunches. The plan launched at $10 per month, with discounts on a computer and free training are also provided.[31][32] The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) required this budget service as a condition for allowing Comcast's acquisition of NBCUniversal in January 2011.[31] Of an estimated 2.60 million households eligible for the program, about 220,000 households participate in the program as of June 2013.[33][34][35] A similar program is available from other internet providers through the non-profit Connect2compete.org.[35][36] Comcast has stated that the program will accept new customers for a total of three years.[31] In March 2014, as he met with FCC concerning the Time Warner Cable merger, Comcast vice president David Cohen told reporters that the internet essentials program will be extended indefinitely.[37]

XFINITY WiFi

In early 2013, Comcast began broadcasting hotspot services using XFINITY branded equipment from customer's homes. Specifically this XFINITY branded equipment is the combination cable modem and router that the customer needs to access the internet. This is the situation for every customer unless they provide their own equipment. These combination cable modem/routers are used to provide other Comcast subscribers with free WiFi access at over 500,000 locations across the United States.

XFINITY WiFi is available at no additional charge to XFINITY Internet customers that subscribe to at least Performance Tier or Business Starter. Non-customers may purchase an access pass for $2.95/hour, $7.95/day, $19.95/week or $54.95/month. Each user is given two 60-minute sessions each month.

XFINITY WIFI has been an issue because the cable modem/router equipment that Comcast provides to residential customers in their homes not only provides WiFi acess to the customer, but also transmits a separate WiFi channel labeled "xfinitywifi". It is this "xfinitywifi" channel that provides the XFINITY WIFI to other Comcast subscribers. Because the XFINITY modem/router equipment in the customer's home is now supporting both the customer's private WiFi capability, and, a public hot spot there are both security, privacy, and performance concerns. Comcast claims customers' internet speeds are not affected by the hotspot feature being enabled on their equipment and may opt-out of the program anytime.

Customers can begin using XFINITY WiFi before installation of their service.

Data cap

Initially, Comcast had a policy of terminating broadband customers who use "excessive bandwidth", a term the company refused to define in its terms of service, which once said only that a customer's use should not "represent (in the sole judgment of Comcast) an overly large burden on the network".[16] Company responses to press inquiries suggested a limit of several hundred gigabytes per month.[38][39] In September 2007, Comcast spokesman Charlie Douglas said the company defined "excessive use" as the equivalent of 30,000 songs, 250,000 pictures or 13 million emails in a month.[40] Other company statements have said the limit varied from month to month, depending on the capacity of specific CMTS's, and that it affected only the top one-thousandth of high-speed Internet customers.

Comcast introduced a 250 GB monthly bandwidth cap to its broadband service on October 1, 2008,[41] combining both upload and download towards the monthly limit. If a user exceeded the cap three times within six months, the customer's residential services may have been terminated for one year.[42] A spokesperson stated that this policy had been in place for some time, but was the first time Comcast has announced a specific usage limit.[43]

As the cap provoked a strongly negative reaction from some,[44] Comcast decided to modify its policy in 2012. Under the new system, the cap was increased to 300GB in some markets, and consumers who exceed this limit are charged $10 for every 50 GB above the limit.[45][46][47] Customers could purchase a $30 add-on for "unlimited" data.[48]

On April 27, 2016, Comcast announced that it would raise its data cap to 1 TB;; the company stated that "more than 99 percent of our customers do not come close to using a terabyte." The decision to raise the cap came following an implication of increased scrutiny surrounding them by the FCC: in its approval of Charter Communications' purchase of Time Warner Cable, the Commission stipulated that Charter must not implement caps. As previously, a $10 overage fee is charged for every 50 GB above the limit, and customers can purchase an add-on for "unlimited" data, but its price was increased to $50.[48]

Network management and peering

In September 2007, a rumor emerged among tech blogs that Comcast was throttling or even blocking internet traffic transmitted via the BitTorrent protocol.[49] Comcast vehemently denied the accusations of blocking traffic, stating that "Comcast does not, has not, and will not block any Web sites or online applications, including peer-to-peer services", and that "We engage in reasonable network management".[50] After more widespread confirmation that Comcast was throttling BitTorrent traffic,[51] Comcast said it occasionally delayed BitTorrent traffic in order to speed up other kinds of data, but declined to go into specifics.[52] Following the announcement of an official investigation by the FCC,[53] Comcast voluntarily ended the traffic discrimination.[54] The FCC investigation concluded that Comcast's throttling policies were illegal.[55] However, after filing a lawsuit in September 2008,[56] Comcast overturned the illegality of its network management in 2010, as the court ruled that the FCC lacked the authority to enforce net neutrality under the FCC's then current regulatory policy. The court suggested instead of its current framework, the FCC move to a common carrier structure to justify its enforcement.[57] As of February 2014, the FCC has announced a new justification,[58] but avoided the more extensive regulation required by the common carrier framework.[59]

In 2010, Netflix signed an agreement with Level 3 Communications to carry its data. Shortly after, Level 3 entered a heated dispute concerning whether Level 3 would have to pay Comcast to bridge their respective networks, in an agreement known as peering.[60] The disagreement continued as Netflix's current carrier, Cogent Communications, explicitly placed blame for Netflix bottlenecks on Comcast and several other ISPs.[61] In February 2014, after rumors surfaced that Comcast and Netflix had reached an unspecified agreement,[62] the companies confirmed that Netflix was paying Comcast to connect to its network.[63] The details of the agreement are not public,[64] and speculation disagrees about whether the agreement is a precedent against net neutrality, or a continuation of normal peering agreements.[65]

Land line telephone

Comcast Digital Voice, now known as Xfinity Voice, is a telephone product offered by Comcast Corporation. Comcast offers CDV in both residential and business class and is packaged with Xfinity. The service was launched in 2005 in select markets, before being extended to all of Comcast's markets.[66]

Xfinity Voice allows communication over the internet using VoIP, but uses a private network instead of a public IP address, which allows Comcast to prioritize the voice data during heavy traffic. In technical terms, on Comcast's Hybrid Fiber Coaxial network, calls are placed into individual Unsolicited Grant Service flows, based on DOCSIS 1.1 Quality of service standards. For the customer, this has the benefit of preventing network congestion from interfering with call quality. However, this separation of traffic into separate flows, or Smart pipe, has been seen by some as a violation of net neutrality, who call instead for equal treatment of all data, or dumb pipe.[67] Other, non-Comcast VoIP services on Comcast's network must use the lower priority public IP addresses. The practice was questioned by the FCC in 2009.[68] In their response, Comcast stated that services that use telecommunications are not necessarily telecommunications services, and noted the FCC's current designation of Comcast Digital Voice as an information service exempted it from telecommunications service regulations. Comcast also said that because Comcast Voice was a separate service, it was unfair to directly compare the data for Comcast Voice with the data for other VoIP services.[69][70]

Because telephone services over VoIP are not automatically tied to a physical address, Xfinity Voice utilizes E911 to help 911 service operators to automatically locate the source of the 911 call.[71] Voice calls are delivered as a digital stream over the Comcast network, signal is converted to analog plain old telephone service lines at the cable modem, which outputs on standard analog RJ-11 jacks.

After trial runs in 2005, Comcast rolled out its Digital Voice service to all its markets in 2006. Comcast's older service, Comcast Digital Phone, continued to offer service for a brief period, until Comcast shut it down around late 2007.[72] In 2009, after completing transition from their old service, Comcast had 7.6 million voice customers.[73] As of the end of 2013, Comcast Digital Voice had reached 10.7 million subscribers.[74]

At the start of 2012, Comcast stood as the United States' third-largest residential telephone provider.[75] At that time the company supplied 9.34 million residential telephone lines.[75]

Cable television

Comcast's cable television customers peaked in 2007, with about 24.8 million customers.[76] Since then, Comcast has lost customers every year, with the first quarterly gain in customers since their peak occurring in the fourth quarter of 2013.[77] As of the end of 2013, Comcast serves a total of 21.7 million cable customers.[78] The average cost Comcast's Digital Basic cable subscription has increased from $39.04 in 2003 to $67.49 in 2012.[79]

In addition to the prices of subscriptions, since July 2012, Comcast charges a Regulatory Recovery Fee of varying size in order to "recover additional costs associated with governmental programs."[80] Beginning in January 2014, Comcast also charges a $1.50 Broadcast TV Fee to “defray the rising costs of retransmitting broadcast television signals.”[81]

Retransmission fees

Beginning in the mid-2000s, television stations increasingly required cable companies like Comcast to pay retransmission fees in exchange for permission to broadcast their content.[82] (Historically, TV broadcasters made money almost exclusively through advertising.) These fees have been the subject of heated negotiation between broadcasters and distributors, with a few high profile blackouts prompting the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to publicly express serious concern in 2011.[83] Comcast has ten year agreements with CBS[84] and Disney,[85] as well as deals with Fox[86] and others, but the financial details of these deals are not public. Based on professional estimates, ESPN charges $5.06 to transmit their channel per viewer. However, most channels charge much less.[87]

Since the rise of retransmission fees, distributors like Comcast pay substantial fees for retransmitting broadcast television, which is free over the air for consumers. Comcast has instated a $1.50 Broadcast TV Fee to cover part of the cost of getting permission from stations to retransmit the free stations, itemized separately for consumers. Comcast's subsidiary, NBCUniversal, was one of several broadcasters party to American Broadcasting Cos. v. Aereo, Inc., over the question of whether Aereo is a retransmitter (which would require it to pay retransmission fees).[88] The case was decided on June 25, 2014 in favor of the broadcasters in a 6-3 decision.[89]

Home security and automation

Comcast offers a home security and home automation service known as Xfinity Home, in some of its service areas. This service provides residential customers a monitored burglar and fire alarm, surveillance cameras, and home automation.[90] Once the customer receives a delivery box, they will find a kit of tablets, cameras, and cables to set the alarm and manuals (might not have). The cameras include a plug to connect and put the camera somewhere. The camera is linked to a Xfinity Account that has full access to the Xfinity Home service. They have their own application on both Android and iOS and is named "XFINITY Home."

Comcast Business

Main article: Comcast Business

In addition to residential consumers, Comcast also serves businesses as customers, targeting small businesses with fewer than 20 employees and mid-sized businesses of 20–500 employees.[91] In 2009, Minneapolis–Saint Paul became the first city in which Comcast Business Class offered 100 Mbit/s Internet service, which includes Microsoft Communication Services.[92] Comcast Business Class Internet service does not have a bandwidth usage cap.[93][94]

Comcast Business services used to be sold exclusively through direct sales employees. In March 2011, Comcast created an indirect sales channel called the Solution Provider Program, a comprehensive indirect channel program that enables telecommunications consultants and system integrators to sell Comcast’s services such as Business Class Internet, Voice, and high-capacity Ethernet services to small and mid-market businesses. The program offers recurring commissions for sales partners based on monthly revenue, and Comcast will provide, install, manage and bill for these services. For the initial launch of the Solutions Provider Program, Comcast enlisted three national master representatives—Telarus, based in Salt Lake City, Utah; Intelisys, based in Petaluma, California; and Telecom Brokerage Inc (TBI), based in Chicago. Sub-agent sales partners must work with one of these three partners in the early stages of the program.[95] The head of the Comcast Business indirect sales channel is Craig Schlagbaum, former head of the Level 3 Communications channel.[96]

Official sponsors

MLB

NFL

NBA

NHL

MLS

Motorsports

College sports

References

  1. http://seekingalpha.com/pr/15618616-comcast-shareholders-approve-the-reclassification-of-each-share-of-class-a-special-common-stock-into-one-share-of-class-a-common-stock
  2. "Comcast Cable Communications 2000 FORM 10-K". US Securities and Exchange Commission. 16 Mar 2001. Retrieved 13 Mar 2014.
  3. "XFINITY by Comcast -- Official Customer Site". Comcast. Retrieved 11 Nov 2014.
  4. "Company Overview of Comcast Cable Communications, LLC". Bloomberg. 28 Feb 2014. Retrieved 28 Feb 2014.
  5. "Comcast Holds 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders". Comcast. 23 May 2007. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.
  6. Roger Yu (28 Jan 2014). "Comcast income up 26% on video rebound". USA Today. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.
  7. Bray, Hiawatha (February 13, 2010). "Comcast enters rebranding territory". The Boston Globe.
  8. "Contact Us". Comcast Business. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  9. Fernandez, Bob. "Comcast unveils new brand name and logo". philly.com, February 3, 2010. Accessed March 15, 2010. Archived April 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ''Comcast seeks reputation change with Xfinity brand'', Yinka Adegoke, Reuters, February 9, 2010. Reuters.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
  11. Comcast Xfinity Rebranding Largely Laughed At, DSLreports.com, February 8, 2010. Dslreports.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
  12. Gregory, Sean. (February 7, 2010) Comcast's New Name: Rated X?, Sean Gregory, Time Magazine, February 7, 2010. Time.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
  13. Suddath, Claire. (February 8, 2010) Top 10 Worst Corporate Name Changes, Claire Suddath, Time Magazine, February 8, 2010. Time.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
  14. "3 MILLION ADDED BROADBAND FROM TOP CABLE AND TELEPHONE COMPANIES IN 2011". Leichtman Research Group. 16 Mar 2012. Retrieved 10 Mar 2014.
  15. "Comcast Reports 2nd Quarter 2013 Results".
  16. 1 2 Comcast, ''Comcast High-Speed Internet Acceptable Use Policy''. Comcast.net. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
  17. BLOOMBERG NEWS (30 Mar 2000). "Comcast, Cox extend Excite@Home deal". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 19 Feb 2014.
  18. MATT RICHTEL (4 Jan 2002). "TECHNOLOGY; Comcast Copes With Internet Problems". New York Times. Retrieved 19 Feb 2014.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 http://customer.xfinity.com/help-and-support/internet/end-of-life-devices
  20. 1 2 Mike Rogoway (12 Sep 2013). "Comcast boosts speeds for low-cost Internet service for low-income families". The Oregonian. Retrieved 5 Mar 2014.
  21. https://www.internetessentials.com/
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "High Speed Internet Service by Xfinity". Comcast. Retrieved 19 Feb 2014.
  23. 1 2 http://corporate.comcast.com/news-information/news-feed/comcast-increases-internet-speeds-in-california-kansas-missouri-and-texas
  24. Jeff Baumgartner (20 Feb 2014). "Comcast To Expand 505-Meg Broadband Service: Source". MultiChannelNews. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.
  25. "Comcast 505". Comcast. Retrieved 19 Feb 2014.
  26. 1 2 Tim Wu (14 Feb 2014). "The Real Problem with the Comcast Merger". The New Yorker. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  27. Matt Burns (16 Sep 2009). "Comcast to (likely) fill its coffers by raising the cable modem rental fee". TechCrunch. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  28. Josh Smith (21 Sep 2009). "Beat the Comcast cable modem price hikes -- buy your own". Daily Finance. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  29. Drew Dixon (6 Dec 2011). "Comcast to hike prices in communication packages, lower installation costs". The Florida Times-Uniion. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
  30. "Comcast Introduces New Triple Play Self-Install Kit". Business Wire. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
  31. 1 2 3 David Murphy (August 7, 2011). "Comcast Launches Low-Cost Internet for Low-Income Families". PC Magazine. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  32. Homepage InterentEssentials.Com, accessed January 21, 2013
  33. "SECOND ANNUAL COMPLIANCE REPORT ON INTERNET ESSENTIALS(pp 10)" (PDF). Comcast. 31 Jul 2013. Retrieved 19 Mar 2014.
  34. Brad Tuttle (20 Sep 2012). "Why Aren’t More Families Signing Up for Cheap Internet Service?". Time. Retrieved 5 Mar 2014.
  35. 1 2 Chozick, Amy (January 20, 2013). "Mixed Response to Comcast in Expanding Net Access". The New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  36. Homepage connect2compete.org accessed January 21, 2013
  37. Todd Shields (4 Mar 2014). "Comcast Pledges Low-Cost Web as It Meets on Time Warner". Bloomberg. Retrieved 5 Mar 2014.
  38. Carolyn Y. Johnson, "Not so fast, broadband providers tell big users", The Boston Globe
  39. "Say Good Night, Bandwidth Hog", The New York Times
  40. "Comcast Clarifies High Speed Extreme Use Policy, September 14, 2007". Retrieved December 1, 2007.
  41. Comcast 250GB Cap Goes Live October 1. Broadbandreports.com (August 28, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
  42. Comcast.net Frequently Asked Questions about Excessive Use. Help.Comcast.net (October 1, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011. Archived March 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  43. Chloe Albanesius (28 Aug 2008). "Comcast to Cap Data Transfers at 250 GB in Oct.". PC Magazine. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
  44. Peter Glaskowsky (3 Sep 2008). "Comcast's usage cap: Is the sky really falling?". Cnet. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
  45. Ryan Singel (17 May 2012). "Comcast Suspends Data Cap Temporarily, Will Test New Overage Fees". Wired. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
  46. Marguerite Reardon (17 May 2012). "Comcast ditches 250GB data cap, tests tiered pricing". Cnet. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
  47. "Leaked Comcast memo reportedly admits data caps aren't about improving network performance". The Verge. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  48. 1 2 "Comcast is raising its monthly internet data cap to 1TB". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  49. Ernesto (17 Aug 2007). "Comcast Throttles BitTorrent Traffic, Seeding Impossible". TorrentFreak. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  50. Andy Patrizio (2 Nov 2007). "Comcast Again Denies P2P Throttling". Internet News. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  51. Peter Svensson (19 Nov 2007). "Comcast Blocks Some Internet Traffic". Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  52. BRAD STONE (22 Oct 2007). "Comcast: We’re Delaying, Not Blocking, BitTorrent Traffic". New York Times Bits. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  53. Ryan Paul (9 Jan 2008). "FCC to investigate Comcast BitTorrent blocking". ArsTechnica. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  54. Julia Boorstin (27 Mar 2008). "Comcast and BitTorrent: Enemies Become "Net-Neutral" Friends". CNBC. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  55. Declan McCullagh (1 Aug 2008). "FCC formally rules Comcast's throttling of BitTorrent was illegal". Cnet. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  56. Comcast sues FCC over network management finding. Multichannel.com. Retrieved on February 9, 2013.
  57. Declan McCullagh (6 Apr 2010). "Court: FCC has no power to regulate Net neutrality". Cnet. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  58. EDWARD WYATT (19 Feb 2014). "F.C.C. Seeks a New Path on ‘Net Neutrality’ Rules". New York Times. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  59. Adi Robertson (19 Feb 2014). "The FCC has a plan to save net neutrality, but no one likes it". TheVerge. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  60. Stacey Higginbotham (29 Nov 2010). "Level 3, Comcast in a Cat Fight Over Online Video". Gigaom. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  61. Ben Gilbert (21 Feb 2014). "Netflix's internet provider claims Verizon, Comcast and Time Warner are causing streaming bottlenecks (update)". Endgadget. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  62. Stacey Higginbotham (21 Feb 2014). "Sources: Netflix and Comcast have reached a peering agreement". Gigaom. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  63. Dawn C. Chmielewski (23 Feb 2014). "Netflix to pay Comcast for smoother online video streaming". LA Times. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  64. Sam Gustin (23 Feb 2014). "Comcast’s Traffic Pact With Netflix Is Shrouded in Secrecy". Time. Retrieved 27 Feb 2014.
  65. Joshua Brustein (24 Feb 2014). "Netflix’s Deal With Comcast Isn’t About Net Neutrality—Except That It Is". Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 Feb 2014.
  66. Ben Charny (10 Jan 2005). "Comcast pushes VoIP to prime time". Cnet. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  67. Leslie Ellis (17 Feb 2006). "Smart Pipes, Dumb Pipes and QoS". MultiChannel. Retrieved 8 Mar 2014.
  68. Stacey Higginbotham (19 Jan 2009). "FCC Asks if Comcast Slows Rivals' VoIP Traffic". Gigaom. Retrieved 7 Mar 2014.
  69. Kathryn A. Zachem (30 Jan 2009). "In the Matter of Formal Complaint of Free Press and Public Knowledge Against Comcast Corporation for Secretly Degrading Peer-to-Peer Applications, File No. EB-08-IH-1518" (PDF). Comcast. Retrieved 8 Mar 2014.
  70. Matthew Lasar (3 Feb 2009). "Comcast defends itself against FCC’s VoIP probe". ArsTechnica. Retrieved 8 Mar 2014.
  71. Comcast Corp. "Comcast Launches Comcast Digital Voice(R) Phone Service in Santa Barbara County". PR Newswire. Retrieved 11 Mar 2014.
  72. MARK PETERS (17 Oct 2007). "Comcast Ends Older Phone Service". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 8 Mar 2014.
  73. "Comcast Reports Fourth Quarter and Year End 2009 Results". 3 Feb 2010. Retrieved 8 Mar 2014.
  74. "Comcast Reports 4th Quarter and Year End 2013 Results". Comcast. 28 Jan 2014. Retrieved 8 Mar 2014.
  75. 1 2 Leichtman Research Group, "Research Notes," First Quarter 2012, pg. 5. The company first gained status as the USA's third largest phone company in 2009. See: Comcast Now Third Largest Phone Company, DSLreports.com, March 11, 2009.
  76. "Comcast Reports Fourth Quarter and Year End Results". Comcast. 18 Feb 2009. Retrieved 16 Feb 2014.
  77. Bob Fernandez (9 Jan 2014). "Comcast reverses trend, gains TV subscribers". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  78. "Comcast Reports 4th Quarter and Year End 2013 Results". Comcast. 28 Jan 2014. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  79. Mike Rogoway (22 Aug 2012). "Comcast moderates its annual cable TV rate hike, but the cost of Internet access is rising faster". The Oregonian. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.
  80. Phillip Dampier (10 Jul 2012). "Comcast’s Nationwide Rate Increase: Bill Padding "Regulatory Recovery" Fees Have Arrived". Stop The Cap. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  81. Mike Farrell (22 Nov 2013). "Comcast to Introduce $1.50 Broadcast TV Fee". MultiChannel. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  82. Roger Yu (2 Aug 2013). "Retransmission fee race poses questions for TV viewers". USA Today. Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  83. Katy Bachman (3 Mar 2011). "FCC to Consider Forcing B'casters, Distributors to Play Nice". AdWeek. Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  84. BRIAN STELTER (2 Aug 2010). "CBS and Comcast Reach a 10-Year Deal on Fees". New York Times. Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  85. "Disney-Comcast Make 10-Year Xfinity Multi-Platform Deal (Breaking)". Reuters. 4 Jan 2012. Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  86. Damon Poeter (12 Feb 2013). "Fox, Comcast Re-Up Xfinity Content Deal". PC Magazine. Retrieved 17 Feb 2014.
  87. Bob Wolfley (1 Mar 2012). "ESPN continues to lead cable by a mile in terms of subscriber fees". Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  88. Bob Fernandez (6 Jan 2014). "Fight continues over cable retransmission fees". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  89. American Broadcasting Companies v. Aereo, 573 U. S., (slip op.)
  90. "Comcast Xfinity Home service". Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  91. Comcast Speeds Up Business High-Speed-Data Offering, Glen Dickson, Broadcasting & Cable, April 29, 2008.
  92. Comcast Launches 100 Mbps High-Speed Internet Service for Businesses in the Twin Cities, Business Wire press release, September 8, 2009.
  93. "Comcast Business Class Overview". Business Class Cable News. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
  94. "Comcast Business Services Extends Availability of its Metro Ethernet Services through its Solutions Provider Program". Business Wire.
  95. Henderson, Khali (March 14, 2011). "Comcast Launches Agent Program". Channel Partners. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  96. Henderson, Khali (January 19, 2011). "Comcast Taps Schlagbaum to Lead Channel". Retrieved January 19, 2011.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, April 29, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.