Commanding heights of the economy

"Commanding Heights of The Economy" is a phrase that emerged from a branch of modern socialist political philosophy concerned with organizing society. It refers to existing private industry critical to the economy like large banks, insurances and mines. It does not include all small shops. Its philosophical origin can be traced to Karl Marx's idea on socialism, which stresses the commanding heights and advocates for government control of it. This should not be confused with social democracy or complete socialism.

According to Yevgeni Preobrazhensky, a Bolshevik economist, control over the "commanding heights of the economy" would ensure "primitive socialist accumulation".^[1] Deng Xiaoping, the leader who along with Chen Yun introduced the Chinese economic reforms, was inspired by this concept. The Communist Party of China still believes to this day that the state needs to control the economy's commanding heights.

References

↑ Bonner 2013, p. 86.

Bibliography

Bonner, Stephen Eric (2013). Socialism Unbound: Principles, Practices, and Prospects. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231527357.
Wesson, Robert G. (1978). Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Press. ISBN 978-0817969226.

Marxist phraseology and terminology

Philosophy and politics (Marxist)	Base and superstructure Bourgeoisie Bourgeois nationalism Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Socialist mode of production Pure communism Dictatorship of the proletariat Imperialism Liquidationism Lumpenproletariat Means of labor Metabolic rift Petite bourgeoisie Primitive accumulation of capital Proletarian internationalism Proletarian revolution Revolutionary wave Scientific socialism Super-imperialism Historical materialism Theoretician Two Stage Theory Wage slavery World revolution Dialectics

Economics and sociology (Marxian)	Capital Accumulation of capital Capitalist mode of production Crisis of capitalism Commodity Commodity production Materialism Means of production Mode of production Productive forces Relations of production Law of value Surplus value Use-value Exchange value Value Socially necessary labour time Socialization Production for use Socialist mode of production Ruling class Simple commodity production Commanding heights of the economy

Marxist-Leninist	Cadre Central Committee Democratic centralism Dual power Enemy of the people Foco General line of the party New class Politburo Political rehabilitation Popular front Revolutionary terror United front Vanguardism Social fascism Socialist accumulation Real socialism Revisionism Soviet democracy Socialism in one country Social imperialism People's democracy

Trotskyist	Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Social revolution New class Permanent revolution Bureaucratic collectivism

Maoist	Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Antagonistic contradiction Capitalist roader Four Olds Mass line New Democracy People's war Revolutionary base area Struggle session

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